麻黃鹼
別名: Enurace
藥物類別: Sympathomimetic Bronchodilator / Vasopressor
- **按時服藥是關鍵：** 為了使此藥物對尿失禁有效，必須完全按照獸醫師的指示給藥。漏服將使其失效並可能導致漏尿復發。 - **耐心等待：** 藥物可能需要幾天的時間才能發揮最大療效。 - **副作用：** 因為這種藥物的作用類似興奮劑，可能會讓您的寵物感到「焦躁」。如果您的寵物表現出持續的行為改變（焦躁不安、易怒、來回踱步），或者尿失禁持續或加重，請聯繫您的獸醫師。 - **給藥時間：** 為了防止干擾睡眠，除非另有指示，請盡量不要在睡前給予當天的最後一劑。 - **食慾：** 您可能會注意到寵物的食慾暫時下降。
劑量必須由獸醫依你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
用途
- Treatment of bronchospasm (emergency treatment)
- Treatment of urinary incontinence
- Treatment of urinary incontinence
- Treatment of urinary incontinence
- Treatment of hypotension associated with anesthesia
- Hypotension during anaesthesia
- Nasal congestion (cat 'flu')
- Treatment of bronchospasm (maintenance therapy)
- Treatment of bronchospasm
- Treatment of urinary incontinence
- Treatment of urinary incontinence
- Treatment of hypotension associated with anesthesia
- Treatment of hypotension associated with anesthesia
給藥方式
POIVIMSCIntranasal
可能的副作用
- Restlessness
- Irritability
- Tachycardia
- Hypertension
- Anorexia
- Tachyphylaxis (decreased response to subsequent doses)
- Panting
- Mydriasis (dilated pupils)
- CNS stimulation (restlessness, agitation)
- Atrial fibrillation
- Vasoconstriction
- Reduction of intestinal wall motility and tone
注意事項與禁忌
- Severe cardiovascular disease
- Cardiac arrhythmias
- Pregnancy
- Lactation
- Glaucoma
- Use with caution in patients with **glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy, hyperthyroidism, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disorders, or hypertension**. When administered IV, the administration rate should be carefully controlled (in humans, not to exceed 10 mg/minute; scale appropriately for veterinary patients). **Pregnancy/Nursing:** FDA Category C. Excreted in milk and may have deleterious effects on nursing animals. Consider milk replacer if use is absolutely necessary in a nursing dam.
藥物相互作用
- Acepromazine (and other phenothiazines): Phenothiazines block alpha-adrenergic receptors; concomitant use can lead to unopposed beta-activity causing vasodilation and increased cardiac rate.
- Alpha-blockers (e.g., phentolamine, prazosin): May negate the therapeutic effects of ephedrine.
- General Anesthetics (cyclopropane, halogenated hydrocarbons): Increased risk of arrhythmias. Propranolol may be administered should these occur.
- Beta-blockers: Concomitant use may diminish the effects of both drugs.
- Digoxin: Increased risk of arrhythmias if used concurrently.
- Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (including amitraz): Should not be given within two weeks of receiving MAOIs; severe hypertension and hyperpyrexia are possible.
- Other Sympathomimetic Agents (e.g., phenylpropanolamine): Should not be administered together as increased toxicity may result.
- Reserpine: May reverse the pressor effects of ephedrine.
- Theophylline: May increase the risk for theophylline toxicity.
- Tricyclic Antidepressants: May decrease the pressor effects of ephedrine.
常見問題
麻黃鹼用於寵物有什麼用途？
- **按時服藥是關鍵：** 為了使此藥物對尿失禁有效，必須完全按照獸醫師的指示給藥。漏服將使其失效並可能導致漏尿復發。 - **耐心等待：** 藥物可能需要幾天的時間才能發揮最大療效。 - **副作用：** 因為這種藥物的作用類似興奮劑，可能會讓您的寵物感到「焦躁」。如果您的寵物表現出持續的行為改變（焦躁不安、易怒、來回踱步），或者尿失禁持續或加重，請聯繫您的獸醫師。 - **給藥時間：** 為了防止干擾睡眠，除非另有指示，請盡量不要在睡前給予當天的最後一劑。 - **食慾：** 您可能會注意到寵物的食慾暫時下降。
麻黃鹼對我的寵物安全嗎？
劑量必須由獸醫依你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
本文僅供一般健康教育，不能取代專業獸醫意見。如寵物身體不適，請諮詢獸醫。