可待因

用途

• Analgesic (mild to moderate acute pain)
• Analgesic
• Analgesic
• Antitussive / Analgesia
• Analgesic
• Antitussive
• Antitussive
• Analgesic (mild to moderate acute pain)
• Analgesic (in combination with acetaminophen)
• Analgesic (codeine alone)
• Analgesic
• Antidiarrheal
• Antitussive
• Analgesia (mild to moderate pain)

給藥方式

可能的副作用

• Sedation (most common)
• Constipation
• Anorexia
• Vomiting
• Ileus
• Biliary and pancreatic duct spasms
• Respiratory depression (at high doses)
• Cats: CNS stimulation, hyperexcitability, tremors, seizures
• Sedation
• Nausea

注意事項與禁忌

• Hypersensitivity to narcotic analgesics
• Patients receiving monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) like amitraz or selegiline
• Diarrhea caused by toxic ingestion (until toxin is eliminated)
• Repeated use in severe inflammatory bowel disease
• Scorpion stings (Centruroides sculpturatus and C. gertschi) as it may potentiate venom
• Combination products containing acetaminophen are STRICTLY CONTRAINDICATED in cats
• Hypersensitivity to opioids
• Severe respiratory depression or asthma
• Cats (especially if using combination products containing paracetamol)
• Use with caution in patients with **hypothyroidism**, **severe renal insufficiency**, **Addison's disease**, and in **geriatric or severely debilitated** patients. Use with caution in patients with **head injuries** or increased intracranial pressure, and in those with **acute abdominal conditions** (e.g., colic) as it may obscure the diagnosis. Use with extreme caution in patients suffering from **respiratory disease** or acute respiratory dysfunction (e.g., pulmonary edema secondary to smoke inhalation). > **Warning**: Opiates can increase plasma amylase and lipase values up to 24 hours following administration due to increased biliary tract pressure.

藥物相互作用

• Anticholinergic drugs: May increase the chances of constipation developing
• Antidepressants (TCAs/MAOIs): May potentiate CNS depressant effects
• CNS Depressants (anesthetics, antihistamines, phenothiazines, barbiturates, tranquilizers): May cause increased CNS or respiratory depression
• Quinidine: May inhibit the transformation of codeine to morphine in the liver, decreasing its efficacy
• CNS Depressants (e.g., phenobarbital, diazepam): Additive CNS and respiratory depression
• SSRIs / MAOIs: Increased risk of serotonin syndrome
• CNS Depressants (e.g., sedatives, anesthetics, antihistamines): Additive CNS and respiratory depression
• Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs): May cause severe, unpredictable reactions (serotonin syndrome or severe respiratory depression)

常見問題