可樂定

用途

• Adjunctive antidiarrheal therapy for refractory cases of inflammatory bowel disease
• Epidural analgesia/analgesia
• Diagnosing hyposomatotropism
• Adjunctive antidiarrheal therapy for refractory cases of inflammatory bowel disease
• Control panic-like responses and fear-based behavioural problems
• Diagnostic test for pituitary dwarfism (hyposomatotropism)

給藥方式

可能的副作用

• Transient hyperglycemia
• Dry mouth
• Constipation
• Sedation
• Aggressive behavior
• Hypotension
• Collapse
• Bradycardia
• Transient sedation
• Rebound hypertension (if withdrawn abruptly)

注意事項與禁忌

• Known hypersensitivity to clonidine
• Severe cardiovascular disease (use with extreme caution)
• Renal disease (use with extreme caution)
• Clonidine has a **narrow margin of safety**. It should be used with caution in patients with severe cardiovascular disease, including conduction disturbances or heart failure. Use very cautiously in patients with renal failure. Abrupt withdrawal, especially when used with beta-blockers, may cause rebound hypertension.

藥物相互作用

• Antihypertensive drugs: Possible additive hypotensive effects
• Beta-adrenergic blocking agents (e.g., propranolol): May enhance bradycardia. If discontinuing, beta-blocker should be stopped first, then clonidine tapered to avoid rebound hypertension.
• CNS depressant drugs (opiates, barbiturates): May exacerbate the actions of other CNS depressant drugs
• Digoxin: Possible additive bradycardia
• Prazosin: May decrease the antihypertensive effects of clonidine
• Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline): May block the antihypertensive effects of clonidine
• Barbiturates: Increased central nervous system depression and hypotension
• Opiates: Additive sedation, bradycardia, and respiratory depression
• Beta-blockers: Additive hypotensive and bradycardic effects; may exacerbate rebound hypertension upon withdrawal
• Hypotensive agents: Additive lowering of blood pressure

常見問題