氯米帕明

用途

• Urine marking/spraying; inter-cat aggression; redirected aggression; compulsive grooming/wool sucking
• Behavioral disorders
• Behavioral disorders
• Urine marking
• Anxiety-related disorders, compulsive behaviours, urine spraying
• Adjunctive treatment of feather picking
• Label directions (Clomicalm)
• Behavioral disorders
• Male dimorphic behaviors, fearful/fear aggression, noise phobias, obsessive/compulsive behaviors
• Adjunctive treatment of storm phobia
• Separation-related disorders, anxiety, compulsive behaviors, noise fears, cataplexy

給藥方式

可能的副作用

• Emesis
• Diarrhea
• Sedation, lethargy, and depression
• Anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, tachycardia, urinary retention)
• Elevation of liver enzymes
• Pancreatitis (rarely reported in dogs)
• Birds: Ataxia, drowsiness, regurgitation
• Sporadic vomiting
• Changes in appetite
• Lethargy
• Urinary retention (especially in cats)
• Testicular hypoplasia (in male breeding animals)

注意事項與禁忌

• Prior hypersensitivity to clomipramine or other tricyclic antidepressants
• Concomitant use with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) within 14 days
• Concurrent ingestion of aged cheeses (high tyramine content)
• Known sensitivity to tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
• Concurrent use of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) or within 2 weeks of their use
• Male breeding animals (due to risk of testicular hypoplasia)
• > **Seizure Warning**: TCAs may lower the seizure threshold. Use with extreme caution in animals with preexisting seizure disorders. * **Anticholinergic Risks**: Use cautiously in patients with decreased GI motility, urinary retention, cardiac rhythm disturbances, or increased intraocular pressure. * **Hepatic Function**: May cause hepatic abnormalities. Baseline and annual monitoring of liver enzymes is recommended for long-term use. * **Thyroid Disease**: Use cautiously in hyperthyroid patients or those on thyroid supplementation due to increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias. * **Reproductive Safety**: Not a known teratogen, but high doses have demonstrated testicular atrophy. The manufacturer warns against use in breeding male dogs. FDA Category C for human pregnancy. * **Species Sensitivity**: Cats may be more sensitive to adverse effects (sedation, anticholinergic signs) due to slower elimination of the desmethyl metabolite.

藥物相互作用

• Anticholinergic agents: Additive anticholinergic effects; use cautiously
• Butyrophenone antipsychotics (e.g., haloperidol): Risk of extrapyramidal side effects (reported in a macaw)
• Cimetidine: May inhibit tricyclic antidepressant metabolism and increase the risk of toxicity
• Cisapride: Increased risk for prolonged QT interval
• Clonidine: May cause increased blood pressure
• CNS Depressants: Additive CNS depression; use cautiously
• Meperidine, Pentazocine, Dextromethorphan: Increased risk for serotonin syndrome
• Quinidine: Increased risk for QTc interval prolongation and tricyclic adverse effects
• Rifampin: May decrease tricyclic blood levels
• SSRIs (e.g., fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline): Increased risk for serotonin syndrome
• Sympathomimetic agents: May increase the risk of cardiac effects (arrhythmias, hypertension, hyperpyrexia)

常見問題