Clomipramine
別名: Clomicalm, Anafranil
* **Patience is Key**: This medication may take several weeks (often 4-8 weeks) before you see beneficial effects in your pet's behavior. * **Training**: It is generally most effective when used in combination with a behavior modification plan provided by your veterinarian or a veterinary behaviorist. * **Administration**: May be given with or without food. If your pet vomits after taking the medication, try giving it with a meal. * **Do Not Stop Abruptly**: Do not stop therapy suddenly without your veterinarian's guidance, as this can cause withdrawal effects or a relapse in behavior. * **Toxicity Warning**: Keep this medication strictly out of reach of pets and children. Overdoses can be highly toxic and life-threatening.
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
用途
- Urine marking/spraying; inter-cat aggression; redirected aggression; compulsive grooming/wool sucking
- Behavioral disorders
- Behavioral disorders
- Urine marking
- Anxiety-related disorders, compulsive behaviours, urine spraying
- Adjunctive treatment of feather picking
- Label directions (Clomicalm)
- Behavioral disorders
- Male dimorphic behaviors, fearful/fear aggression, noise phobias, obsessive/compulsive behaviors
- Adjunctive treatment of storm phobia
- Separation-related disorders, anxiety, compulsive behaviors, noise fears, cataplexy
給藥方式
可能的副作用
- Emesis
- Diarrhea
- Sedation, lethargy, and depression
- Anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, tachycardia, urinary retention)
- Elevation of liver enzymes
- Pancreatitis (rarely reported in dogs)
- Birds: Ataxia, drowsiness, regurgitation
- Sporadic vomiting
- Changes in appetite
- Lethargy
- Urinary retention (especially in cats)
- Testicular hypoplasia (in male breeding animals)
注意事項與禁忌
- Prior hypersensitivity to clomipramine or other tricyclic antidepressants
- Concomitant use with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) within 14 days
- Concurrent ingestion of aged cheeses (high tyramine content)
- Known sensitivity to tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
- Concurrent use of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) or within 2 weeks of their use
- Male breeding animals (due to risk of testicular hypoplasia)
- > **Seizure Warning**: TCAs may lower the seizure threshold. Use with extreme caution in animals with preexisting seizure disorders. * **Anticholinergic Risks**: Use cautiously in patients with decreased GI motility, urinary retention, cardiac rhythm disturbances, or increased intraocular pressure. * **Hepatic Function**: May cause hepatic abnormalities. Baseline and annual monitoring of liver enzymes is recommended for long-term use. * **Thyroid Disease**: Use cautiously in hyperthyroid patients or those on thyroid supplementation due to increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias. * **Reproductive Safety**: Not a known teratogen, but high doses have demonstrated testicular atrophy. The manufacturer warns against use in breeding male dogs. FDA Category C for human pregnancy. * **Species Sensitivity**: Cats may be more sensitive to adverse effects (sedation, anticholinergic signs) due to slower elimination of the desmethyl metabolite.
藥物相互作用
- Anticholinergic agents: Additive anticholinergic effects; use cautiously
- Butyrophenone antipsychotics (e.g., haloperidol): Risk of extrapyramidal side effects (reported in a macaw)
- Cimetidine: May inhibit tricyclic antidepressant metabolism and increase the risk of toxicity
- Cisapride: Increased risk for prolonged QT interval
- Clonidine: May cause increased blood pressure
- CNS Depressants: Additive CNS depression; use cautiously
- Meperidine, Pentazocine, Dextromethorphan: Increased risk for serotonin syndrome
- Quinidine: Increased risk for QTc interval prolongation and tricyclic adverse effects
- Rifampin: May decrease tricyclic blood levels
- SSRIs (e.g., fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline): Increased risk for serotonin syndrome
- Sympathomimetic agents: May increase the risk of cardiac effects (arrhythmias, hypertension, hyperpyrexia)
常見問題
Clomipramine用於寵物有甚麼用途？
* **Patience is Key**: This medication may take several weeks (often 4-8 weeks) before you see beneficial effects in your pet's behavior. * **Training**: It is generally most effective when used in combination with a behavior modification plan provided by your veterinarian or a veterinary behaviorist. * **Administration**: May be given with or without food. If your pet vomits after taking the medication, try giving it with a meal. * **Do Not Stop Abruptly**: Do not stop therapy suddenly without your veterinarian's guidance, as this can cause withdrawal effects or a relapse in behavior. * **Toxicity Warning**: Keep this medication strictly out of reach of pets and children. Overdoses can be highly toxic and life-threatening.
Clomipramine對我的寵物安全嗎？
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
本文僅供一般健康教育，不能取代專業獸醫意見。如寵物身體不適，請諮詢獸醫。