環丙沙星

用途

• Susceptible infections
• Ocular infections
• Severe ocular infections (intensive therapy)
• Susceptible infections
• Susceptible gram-negative infections
• Susceptible gram-negative infections
• Susceptible gram-negative infections
• Susceptible infections (Ratites)
• Susceptible infections (Rabbits)
• Susceptible infections (Chinchillas, Gerbils, Guinea Pigs, Hamsters, Mice, Rats)
• Pasteurellosis (Rabbits)
• Susceptible infections
• UTI
• Skin, soft tissue infections
• Bone systemic infections, bacteremia and more resistant pathogens (e.g., Enterobacter)
• Pyoderma
• Ocular infections
• Severe ocular infections (intensive therapy)

給藥方式

可能的副作用

• GI distress (vomiting, anorexia)
• Cartilage abnormalities in young, growing animals
• CNS stimulation (dizziness, seizures)
• Crystalluria
• Hypersensitivity reactions
• Local irritation after application
• Local burning and itching (reported in humans)
• Lid margin crusting (reported in humans)
• Hyperaemia (reported in humans)
• Taste disturbances (reported in humans)
• Corneal staining (reported in humans)
• Keratitis (reported in humans)
• Lid oedema (reported in humans)
• Lacrimation (reported in humans)
• Photophobia (reported in humans)
• Corneal infiltrates (reported in humans)
• Nausea (reported in humans)
• Visual disturbances (reported in humans)

注意事項與禁忌

• Hypersensitivity to fluoroquinolones
• Small and medium breed dogs 2-8 months of age (due to cartilage damage)
• Large and giant breed dogs during their rapid growth phase (past 8 months of age)
• Known hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or other fluoroquinolones
• > **Caution**: Use with care in patients with severe renal or hepatic impairment (dosage adjustments may be required to prevent accumulation). * **Hydration**: Animals should not be allowed to become dehydrated during therapy due to the risk of crystalluria. * **Neurologic**: Use with caution in patients with seizure disorders due to potential CNS stimulation. * **Feline Retinal Toxicity**: Use high doses in cats with caution. While retinal toxicity appears less likely than with enrofloxacin (as ciprofloxacin is less lipophilic), caution is still advised.

藥物相互作用

• Antacids/Dairy Products (Mg++, Al+++, Ca++): May bind to ciprofloxacin and prevent its absorption; separate doses by at least 2 hours
• Antibiotics (aminoglycosides, 3rd-generation cephalosporins, extended-spectrum penicillins): Synergism may occur against some bacteria (particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa)
• Cyclosporine: May exacerbate nephrotoxicity and reduce the metabolism of cyclosporine
• Glyburide: Severe hypoglycemia possible
• Iron, Zinc (oral): Decreased ciprofloxacin absorption; separate doses by at least two hours
• Methotrexate: Increased MTX levels possible with resultant toxicity
• Nitrofurantoin: May antagonize the antimicrobial activity of fluoroquinolones; concomitant use not recommended
• Phenytoin: May alter phenytoin levels
• Probenecid: Blocks tubular secretion of ciprofloxacin and may increase its blood level and half-life
• Quinidine: Increased risk for cardiotoxicity
• Sucralfate: May inhibit absorption of ciprofloxacin; separate doses by at least 2 hours
• Theophylline: May increase theophylline blood levels
• Warfarin: Potential for increased warfarin effects

常見問題