氯四環黴素

用途

• Susceptible infections
• Bacterial conjunctivitis, keratitis, blepharitis, and spontaneous chronic corneal epithelial defects (SCCEDs)
• Chlamydiosis (Small birds)
• Chlamydiosis (Larger psittacines)
• Susceptible infections (Ratites)
• Susceptible infections (Pigeons)
• Susceptible infections
• To prevent recurrence of mycoplasma or chlamydial conjunctivitis in large catteries
• Feline chlamydial conjunctivitis, mycoplasmal conjunctivitis, bacterial keratitis/blepharitis
• Susceptible infections
• Susceptible infections
• Susceptible infections (Rabbits)
• Susceptible infections (Chinchillas)

給藥方式

可能的副作用

• Gastrointestinal distress (nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea)
• Discoloration of developing teeth and bones (yellow, brown, or gray)
• Delayed bone growth and healing (at high doses)
• Hepatotoxicity
• Increased BUN (antianabolic effect)
• Ruminal microflora depression and stasis (in ruminants)
• Intravascular hemolysis and hemoglobinuria (with rapid IV injection of propylene glycol-based products)
• Colic, fever, and hair loss (in cats)
• Severe diarrhea (in stressed horses)
• Superinfections (bacterial or fungal overgrowth)
• Photosensitivity

注意事項與禁忌

• Known hypersensitivity to chlortetracycline or other tetracyclines
• Guinea pigs (causes fatal clostridial enterotoxemia)
• **Pregnancy Warning:** Tetracyclines can retard fetal skeletal development and discolor deciduous teeth. Use only in the last half of pregnancy if benefits outweigh risks. **Organ Impairment:** Use with caution in patients with renal or hepatic insufficiency. Lower dosages and enhanced monitoring are recommended. Avoid concurrent use of other nephrotoxic or hepatotoxic drugs. **Laboratory Interactions:** * May cause falsely elevated urine catecholamines (fluorometric methods). * May cause false-positive urine glucose (cupric sulfate method/Benedict's reagent) or false-negative urine glucose (glucose oxidase method). **IV Administration:** Rapid IV injection can induce transient collapse and cardiac arrhythmias due to intravascular calcium chelation. Pre-treatment with IV calcium gluconate may be considered if rapid injection is unavoidable.

藥物相互作用

• Beta-lactam Antibiotics: Bacteriostatic action of tetracyclines may interfere with the bactericidal activity of penicillins and cephalosporins.
• Aminoglycosides: May interfere with bactericidal activity.
• Digoxin: May increase the bioavailability of digoxin in a small percentage of patients, potentially leading to toxicity.
• Divalent or Trivalent Cations (Antacids, Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Zinc, Bismuth): Chelation occurs, significantly decreasing the oral absorption of the tetracycline. Separate administration by at least 1-2 hours.
• Warfarin: May depress plasma prothrombin activity; anticoagulant dosage may need adjustment.

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