氯丙嗪

用途

• General use
• General use
• General use
• As an antiemetic
• As an antiemetic
• As a preanesthetic
• Premedication for cattle undergoing standing procedures
• Premedication
• Premedication
• Restraint
• Prior to barbiturate anesthesia
• As an antiemetic
• As an antiemetic
• As an antiemetic

給藥方式

可能的副作用

• Hypotension
• CNS stimulation (paradoxical)
• Bradycardia or tachycardia
• Extrapyramidal signs in cats (tremors, shivering, rigidity, loss of righting reflexes)
• Lethargy
• Diarrhea
• Loss of anal sphincter tone
• Ataxia, excitation, and panic reactions in horses
• Hypothermia or hyperthermia

注意事項與禁忌

• Horses (generally not recommended due to severe ataxia and panic reactions)
• Rabbits (IM injection causes severe muscle discomfort and swelling)
• Hypovolemia or shock
• Tetanus or strychnine intoxication (due to extrapyramidal effects)
• > **Important:** Intravenous injections must be diluted with saline to concentrations of no more than 1 mg/mL and administered slowly. Do not inject into arteries. * **MDR1 Mutation:** Dogs with MDR1 mutations (Collies, Australian Shepherds, etc.) may develop pronounced and prolonged sedation. Reduce initial doses by 25% in suspect patients. * **Aggressive Dogs:** Use cautiously as a restraining agent; it may make the animal more prone to startle and react to noises or sensory inputs. * **Debilitated Patients:** Use cautiously and in smaller doses in animals with hepatic dysfunction, cardiac disease, or general debilitation. * **Anesthesia:** Animals may require lower dosages of general anesthetics following phenothiazines.

藥物相互作用

• Acetaminophen: Possible increased risk for hypothermia
• Antacids: May cause reduced GI absorption of oral phenothiazines
• Antidiarrheal mixtures (e.g., kaolin/pectin, bismuth subsalicylate): May cause reduced GI absorption of oral phenothiazines
• CNS Depressant Agents (barbiturates, narcotics, anesthetics): May cause additive CNS depression
• Dipyrone: May cause serious hypothermia
• Epinephrine: Phenothiazines block alpha-adrenergic receptors; concomitant epinephrine can lead to unopposed beta-activity causing vasodilation and increased cardiac rate (epinephrine reversal)
• Opiates: May enhance hypotensive effects; chlorpromazine dosages may need reduction
• Organophosphate Agents: Effects may be potentiated; do not give phenothiazines within one month of worming with these agents
• Paraquat: Toxicity may be increased by chlorpromazine
• Phenytoin: Metabolism may be decreased if given concurrently
• Physostigmine: Toxicity may be enhanced by chlorpromazine

常見問題