氯噻嗪

用途

• Treatment of diabetes insipidus
• As a diuretic
• General dosing for adult cattle
• General dosing
• Treatment of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
• Treatment of systemic hypertension
• As a diuretic

給藥方式

可能的副作用

• Hypokalemia
• Hypochloremic alkalosis
• Dilutional hyponatremia
• Hypomagnesemia
• Hypercalcemia
• Hypophosphatemia
• Hyperuricemia
• Gastrointestinal distress (vomiting, diarrhea)
• Pancreatitis
• Hypersensitivity / dermatologic reactions
• Polyuria
• Hematologic toxicity
• Hyperglycemia
• Hyperlipidemias

注意事項與禁忌

• Hypersensitivity to thiazides or sulfonamides
• Anuria
• Pregnancy in otherwise healthy females with only mild edema (relative contraindication)
• Use with **extreme caution** or avoid in patients with severe renal disease, preexisting electrolyte or water balance abnormalities, impaired hepatic function (may precipitate hepatic coma), hyperuricemia, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), or diabetes mellitus. Monitor patients with conditions that may lead to fluid/electrolyte loss (e.g., vomiting, diarrhea) very carefully.

藥物相互作用

• Amphotericin B: Increased risk for severe hypokalemia
• Corticosteroids / Corticotropin: Increased risk for severe hypokalemia
• Diazoxide: Increased risk for hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, and hypotension
• Digitalis / Digoxin: Thiazide-induced hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, and/or hypercalcemia may increase the likelihood of digitalis toxicity
• Insulin: Thiazides may increase insulin requirements
• Lithium: Thiazides can increase serum lithium concentrations
• Methenamine: Thiazides can alkalinize urine and reduce methenamine effectiveness
• NSAIDs: May increase risk for renal toxicity; NSAIDs may reduce diuretic actions of thiazides
• Neuromuscular blocking agents: Response or duration of nondepolarizing agents (e.g., tubocurarine) may be increased
• Probenecid: Blocks thiazide-induced uric acid retention
• Quinidine: Half-life may be prolonged by thiazides due to urine alkalinization

常見問題