頭孢噻肟

用途

• Soft tissue infections
• Orthopedic infections
• Severe bacteremia
• Susceptible infections
• Sepsis
• CNS infections (spinal cord)
• Acute sepsis or serious susceptible infections
• Susceptible infections
• Susceptible infections (most birds)
• Bacterial infections, bacterial hepatitis
• Susceptible infections in ratites (young birds)
• Susceptible infections
• Severe bacteremia
• Susceptible infections

給藥方式

可能的副作用

• Pain at the IM injection site
• Thrombophlebitis (after IV administration)
• Hypersensitivity reactions (rashes, fever, eosinophilia, anaphylaxis)
• Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (alteration of gut flora)
• Sterile abscesses or local tissue reactions
• Rarely: Nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity (at high doses), neutropenia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, hepatitis

注意事項與禁忌

• Patients with a documented history of hypersensitivity to cephalosporins
• Use with caution in patients with documented hypersensitivity to other beta-lactam antibiotics (e.g., penicillins, carbapenems) due to potential cross-reactivity (estimated 1-15% in humans). Dosage adjustments may be necessary in patients with renal failure. May cause false-positive direct Coombs' tests, falsely elevated 17-ketosteroid urine values, and false-positive urine glucose determinations when using cupric sulfate solution tests (e.g., Clinitest).

藥物相互作用

• Aminoglycosides / Nephrotoxic drugs (e.g., amphotericin B): Potential for additive nephrotoxicity. In vitro studies show synergistic antibacterial activity, but they must NOT be mixed in the same syringe or fluid bag.
• Probenecid: Competitively blocks the renal tubular secretion of cefotaxime, significantly increasing its serum levels and prolonging its elimination half-life.
• Oxytetracycline: Bacteriostatic agents may antagonize the bactericidal activity of cephalosporins.
• Erythromycin: Bacteriostatic agents may antagonize the bactericidal activity of cephalosporins.
• Aminoglycosides: Synergistic antibacterial effect, but do not mix in the same syringe due to chemical incompatibility.
• Amphotericin B: Increased risk of nephrotoxicity.
• Furosemide: Loop diuretics may increase the risk of nephrotoxicity when used with cephalosporins.

常見問題