沙丁胺醇 (Albuterol / Salbutamol)

用途

• Feline asthma (mild symptoms)
• Feline asthma (moderate symptoms)
• Feline asthma (severely affected/emergency)
• Feline asthma (chronic therapy)
• Feline asthma (intermittent signs)
• Rescue therapy (respiratory difficulty at rest)
• Moderate to severe respiratory disease
• Bronchodilation
• Heaves
• Short-acting bronchodilation
• Heaves
• Bronchodilation
• Bronchodilation
• Bronchodilation (Inhalation)

給藥方式

可能的副作用

• Tachycardia
• Tremors and trembling
• CNS excitement, nervousness, and agitation
• Dizziness
• Hypokalemia (decreased serum potassium)
• Paradoxical airway inflammation in cats (associated with chronic use of the S-enantiomer in racemic albuterol)
• Muscle tremors
• Restlessness or excitement
• Hypokalemia (with high doses)

注意事項與禁忌

• Known hypersensitivity to albuterol
• Use with extreme caution in patients with cardiac disease (especially concurrent arrhythmias)
• Use with caution in patients with diabetes, hyperthyroidism, hypertension, or seizure disorders
• Use during late stages of pregnancy (may inhibit uterine contractions)
• Known hypersensitivity to salbutamol
• Severe cardiac tachyarrhythmias
• Albuterol should be used with caution in animals with underlying **cardiovascular disease**, particularly those prone to arrhythmias, as well as those with hyperthyroidism, hypertension, or seizure disorders. **Pregnancy Warning**: In very large doses, albuterol is teratogenic in rodents. It may also delay preterm labor by inhibiting uterine contractions. Use only when potential benefits outweigh the risks (FDA Category C in humans). **Feline Specific Warning**: Chronic use of racemic albuterol in cats can exacerbate airway inflammation. Its use in cats should generally be restricted to acute rescue therapy.

藥物相互作用

• Beta-adrenergic blocking agents (e.g., propranolol): May antagonize the bronchodilatory actions of albuterol
• Digoxin: Albuterol may increase the risk of cardiac arrhythmias
• Inhalation anesthetics (e.g., halothane, isoflurane, methoxyflurane): May predispose the patient to ventricular arrhythmias, particularly in patients with preexisting cardiac disease
• Other sympathomimetic amines: Concurrent use may increase the risk of developing adverse cardiovascular effects
• Tricyclic antidepressants or Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs): May potentiate the vascular effects of albuterol
• Propranolol (and other non-selective beta-blockers): Antagonizes the bronchodilating effects of salbutamol
• Loop or Thiazide Diuretics: May exacerbate hypokalemia

常見問題