阿昔洛韋

用途

• Herpesvirus-1 infections
• EHV-1 outbreaks (prevention or treatment)
• Treatment of Pacheco's Disease
• Treatment of Pacheco's Disease
• Individual treatment
• Prophylaxis (Exposed birds)
• Prophylaxis (Quaker parrots)

給藥方式

可能的副作用

• Thrombophlebitis (with parenteral use)
• Acute renal failure
• Encephalopathologic changes (rare)
• Gastrointestinal disturbances (vomiting, diarrhea)
• Leukopenia (cats)
• Anemia (cats)
• Tissue necrosis (if given IM for >72 hours in birds)

注意事項與禁忌

• Dehydrated states
• Pre-existing renal function impairment
• Hypersensitivity to acyclovir or related antivirals
• Pre-existing neurologic deficits
• Previous neurologic reactions to other cytotoxic drugs
• > **Renal Warning**: Acyclovir is primarily excreted by the kidneys and can precipitate in renal tubules, especially if given rapidly IV or in dehydrated patients. Ensure adequate hydration during therapy. * **Feline Toxicity**: Cats are particularly sensitive to bone marrow suppression (leukopenia, anemia) from acyclovir. Use with extreme caution and monitor CBCs closely. * **Tissue Irritation**: IM injections can be highly irritating and may cause tissue necrosis if used for more than 72 hours (noted in avian species). * **Pregnancy/Nursing**: May be fetotoxic at high dosages (FDA Category C). It crosses the placenta and is excreted in milk at concentrations higher than maternal plasma. Use with caution in nursing patients. * **Renal Impairment**: Dosage reduction is required in patients with renal insufficiency.

藥物相互作用

• Nephrotoxic medications (e.g., Amphotericin B, Aminoglycosides): Concomitant administration with IV acyclovir may increase the potential for nephrotoxicity. Amphotericin B may potentiate antiviral effects but significantly increases nephrotoxic risk.
• Zidovudine: Concomitant use may cause additional CNS depression.

常見問題