呋喃妥因

用途

• Susceptible bacterial urinary tract infections
• Recurrent UTI (Conventional dose)
• Recurrent UTI (Prophylactic dose)
• Susceptible bacterial urinary tract infections
• Urinary tract infections (lower UTI only)
• Susceptible urinary tract infections
• Susceptible urinary tract infections
• Prevention of re-infections with gram-negative organisms
• Recurrent UTI (Conventional dose)
• Recurrent UTI (Prophylactic dose)
• Susceptible bacterial urinary tract infections
• Susceptible bacterial urinary tract infections
• Susceptible bacterial urinary tract infections
• Urinary tract infections (lower UTI only)

給藥方式

可能的副作用

• Gastrointestinal disturbances (vomiting, nausea, diarrhea)
• Hepatopathy (can be severe or chronic)
• Myasthenic-like effects (rare, reversible in dogs)
• Infertility in male dogs
• Peripheral neuropathy (rare)
• Hemolytic anemia (rare)
• Pneumonitis (rare)
• Emesis
• Diarrhoea
• Gastrointestinal bleeding
• Hepatotoxicity
• Peripheral neuritis (rare)
• Pulmonary complications (rare)
• Thrombocytopenia (at high doses)
• Anaemia (at high doses)
• Leucopenia (at high doses)
• Prolonged bleeding times (at high doses)

注意事項與禁忌

• Renal impairment (decreased efficacy and increased risk of systemic toxicity)
• Known hypersensitivity to nitrofurantoin
• Pregnant patients at term (risk of hemolytic anemia in neonates)
• Neonates
• Rats (high risk of neurotoxicity)
• Significant renal impairment (decreased excretion leads to toxic serum levels)
• Pregnancy (mutagenic properties)
• Pyelonephritis
• Systemic infections outside the urinary tract
• Food-producing animals
• > **Renal Function Warning**: Do not use in patients with compromised renal function. The drug relies on renal excretion to reach the site of infection (the bladder); poor kidney function means the drug won't work for the UTI and will accumulate in the blood, causing toxicity. * **Hepatotoxicity**: Can cause drug-induced hepatopathy. Monitor liver enzymes if adverse effects are suspected, especially during long-term prophylactic use. * **Reproductive Warning**: May cause infertility in male dogs. Use with caution in breeding animals. * **Lab Interference**: May cause false-positive urine glucose results if using cupric-sulfate solutions (e.g., Clinitest). May also cause decreases in blood glucose and increases in serum creatinine, bilirubin, and ALP.

藥物相互作用

• Fluoroquinolones (e.g., enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin): Nitrofurantoin may antagonize the antimicrobial activity of fluoroquinolones; concomitant use should be avoided.
• Food or Anticholinergic drugs: May increase the oral bioavailability and absorption of nitrofurantoin.
• Magnesium trisilicate containing antacids: May inhibit the oral absorption of nitrofurantoin.
• Probenecid: May inhibit the renal excretion of nitrofurantoin, potentially increasing systemic toxicity and reducing its effectiveness in the urinary tract.
• Antimuscarinic drugs: Delays gastric emptying time and increases absorption/bioavailability of nitrofurantoin
• Food: Delays gastric emptying time and increases absorption/bioavailability of nitrofurantoin
• Fluoroquinolones: Antagonism of antibacterial efficacy
• Spironolactone: May increase the hyperkalaemic effects of spironolactone
• Urine alkalinizing agents: Significantly decreases the antibacterial activity of nitrofurantoin

常見問題