Methadone
別名: Dolophine, Methadose, Diskets, Comfortan, Synthadon
Methadone is a potent, strictly controlled opioid analgesic. When given by injection, it is typically administered in a hospital setting under direct veterinary supervision. If you are sent home with oral methadone for your pet's pain control: * **Strictly follow the prescribed dosage.** Do not give more or less without consulting your veterinarian. * > **EXTREME DANGER:** Keep this medication in a secure location, completely out of reach of children and other pets. Accidental ingestion by a human (especially a child) can cause fatal respiratory depression. * Watch for side effects such as mild sedation, panting, whining, or constipation. * **Seek immediate veterinary care** if your pet becomes extremely lethargic, has difficulty breathing, or if their breathing becomes abnormally slow.
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
用途
- For perioperative pain control
- As a pre-anesthetic
- For moderate to severe pain
- For pain
- Analgesia
- Analgesia
- Analgesia
- As an analgesic
- As a pre-anesthetic
- For pain
- For perioperative pain control
- For analgesia
- Analgesia
- Analgesia
給藥方式
可能的副作用
- Panting
- Whining or vocalization
- Sedation
- Defecation
- Constipation
- Bradycardia
- Respiratory depression
- Pronounced CNS excitement (in horses at IV doses ≥ 0.1 mg/kg)
- Respiratory depression (primarily under general anaesthesia)
- Transient excitation (when given IV)
- Salivation (when given via oral transmucosal route in cats due to preservatives)
- Constriction of gastrointestinal sphincters (e.g., pyloric sphincter)
- Reduction in gastrointestinal motility (with prolonged use)
注意事項與禁忌
- Late-term pregnancy (due to risks of respiratory depression and stillbirths)
- Known hypersensitivity to methadone
- No specific contraindications available in the monograph, but use with caution in patients with severe respiratory compromise or hepatic impairment.
- All opiates should be used with caution in patients with **heart failure**, **hypertension**, **head injuries**, **elevated CSF pressures**, and in **geriatric or severely debilitated patients**. > **Note:** Methadone can increase plasma amylase and lipase values up to 24 hours following administration due to increased biliary tract pressure.
藥物相互作用
- Class I & III Antiarrhythmics (e.g., lidocaine, procainamide, quinidine, amiodarone): May increase risks for arrhythmias
- Alpha2-Agonists (e.g., medetomidine, xylazine): Potentiates sedative and analgesic effects; combination with medetomidine may cause severe hypoxemia in dogs breathing room air
- Azole Antifungals (fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole): May increase methadone levels in humans (does not appear to be true for dogs)
- Calcium Channel Blockers: May increase risks for arrhythmias
- CNS Depressants (anesthetics, antihistamines, phenothiazines, barbiturates, tranquilizers): May cause increased CNS or respiratory depression
- Corticosteroids (Mineralocorticoids): May increase potential for electrolyte abnormalities
- Diuretics: Opiates may decrease diuretic efficacy in CHF patients
- Macrolide Antibiotics (erythromycin, clarithromycin): May inhibit metabolism of methadone and increase levels in humans (does not appear to be true for dogs)
- Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) (e.g., amitraz, selegiline): Potential for severe CNS/behavioral reactions; concomitant use should be avoided
常見問題
Methadone用於寵物有甚麼用途？
Methadone is a potent, strictly controlled opioid analgesic. When given by injection, it is typically administered in a hospital setting under direct veterinary supervision. If you are sent home with oral methadone for your pet's pain control: * **Strictly follow the prescribed dosage.** Do not give more or less without consulting your veterinarian. * > **EXTREME DANGER:** Keep this medication in a secure location, completely out of reach of children and other pets. Accidental ingestion by a human (especially a child) can cause fatal respiratory depression. * Watch for side effects such as mild sedation, panting, whining, or constipation. * **Seek immediate veterinary care** if your pet becomes extremely lethargic, has difficulty breathing, or if their breathing becomes abnormally slow.
Methadone對我的寵物安全嗎？
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
本文僅供一般健康教育，不能取代專業獸醫意見。如寵物身體不適，請諮詢獸醫。