Metformin
別名: Glucophage, Glucophage XR, Glumetza, Fortamet, Riomet
**Guidance for Pet Owners:** * **Investigational Use**: Understand that the use of metformin in cats is highly 'investigational' and off-label. Its effectiveness in veterinary medicine is still debated. * **Side Effects**: Watch closely for signs of stomach upset, including **vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, or extreme lethargy**. * **Reporting**: Report any untoward effects or changes in your pet's behavior to your veterinarian immediately. * **Administration**: Do not crush or break extended-release tablets unless specifically instructed by your veterinarian. Ensure fresh water is always available.
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
用途
- Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)
- Early NIDDM
- General Use Warning
- General
給藥方式
可能的副作用
- Lethargy
- Inappetence
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Weight loss
- Lactic acidosis (rare but severe)
注意事項與禁忌
- Hypersensitivity to metformin
- Renal dysfunction
- Metabolic acidosis
- Concurrent use of parenteral iodinated contrast agents (temporary contraindication)
- **Important Precautions:** * **Renal Impairment**: Metformin is primarily excreted unchanged by the kidneys. Accumulation can lead to severe lactic acidosis in patients with renal dysfunction. * **Gastrointestinal Toxicity**: Has a narrow margin of safety regarding GI upset in small animals. * **Lactation**: Excreted in maternal milk in levels equivalent to plasma. Use with caution in lactating queens. * **Dosing Challenges**: Human dosage forms (e.g., 500 mg tablets) may be difficult to accurately dose in cats, increasing the risk of toxicity.
藥物相互作用
- ACE Inhibitors: May increase risk for hypoglycemia
- Cimetidine: Can cause a 60% increase in peak metformin plasma levels and a 40% increase in AUC
- Corticosteroids: May reduce hypoglycemic efficacy
- Diuretics, Thiazide: May reduce hypoglycemic efficacy
- Furosemide: Can increase the AUC and plasma levels of metformin by 22%; metformin can decrease the peak plasma concentrations and AUC of furosemide
- Iodinated Contrast Agents (Parenteral): May cause acute renal failure and lactic acidosis if used within 48 hours of a metformin dose
- Isoniazid: May reduce hypoglycemic efficacy
- Sympathomimetic Agents: May reduce hypoglycemic efficacy
常見問題
Metformin用於寵物有甚麼用途？
**Guidance for Pet Owners:** * **Investigational Use**: Understand that the use of metformin in cats is highly 'investigational' and off-label. Its effectiveness in veterinary medicine is still debated. * **Side Effects**: Watch closely for signs of stomach upset, including **vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, or extreme lethargy**. * **Reporting**: Report any untoward effects or changes in your pet's behavior to your veterinarian immediately. * **Administration**: Do not crush or break extended-release tablets unless specifically instructed by your veterinarian. Ensure fresh water is always available.
Metformin對我的寵物安全嗎？
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
本文僅供一般健康教育，不能取代專業獸醫意見。如寵物身體不適，請諮詢獸醫。