Levamisole
別名: Levasole, Tramisol, Amtech, Ascaridil, Decaris, Ergamisol, Immunol, Ketrax, Meglum, Prohibit, Solaskil, Vermisol, Vizole
* **Strict Dosing:** Give this medication exactly as prescribed by your veterinarian. Levamisole has a narrow margin of safety, meaning the difference between an effective dose and a toxic dose is small. * **Adverse Effects:** Watch your pet closely for signs of toxicity such as excessive drooling, shaking, panting, vomiting, diarrhea, or unusual behavior. Contact your veterinarian immediately if these occur. * **Administration:** Do not give on an empty stomach or immediately after your pet drinks water if using orally for certain conditions (follow specific vet instructions). * **Food Animals:** Levamisole is not FDA-approved for use in dairy animals of breeding age. Adhere strictly to slaughter withdrawal times (e.g., 48 hours for cattle, 72 hours for sheep/swine). * **Retreatment:** Animals in heavily parasitized environments may need retreatment 2-4 weeks after the initial dose.
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
用途
- For removal of mature and immature Dictyocaulus vivapurus
- For treatment of susceptible nematodes
- For removal of mature and immature Dictyocaulus vivapurus
- For treatment of susceptible nematodes
- For the treatment of lungworms
- For Aelurostrongylus abstrusus (lungworms)
- For Capillaria aerophilia (lungworms)
- For the treatment of lungworms
- For Capillaria aerophilia (lungworms)
- For treatment of Ollulanus tricuspis
- As a microfilaricide
- For adjunctive therapy of feline plasma-cell gingivitis/pharyngitis (immune-stimulant)
- For removal of mature and immature Dictyocaulus vivapurus
給藥方式
可能的副作用
- Cattle: Muzzle foaming, hypersalivation, excitement, trembling, lip-licking, head shaking, injection site swelling
- Sheep/Goats: Transient excitability, depression, hyperesthesia, salivation, stinging upon SC injection
- Swine: Salivation, muzzle foaming, coughing/vomiting (especially if infected with lungworms)
- Dogs: GI disturbances (vomiting, diarrhea), neurotoxicity (panting, shaking, agitation), immune-mediated anemia, agranulocytosis, dyspnea, pulmonary edema, immune-mediated skin eruptions (erythema multiforme, toxic epidermal necrolysis), lethargy
- Cats: Hypersalivation, excitement, mydriasis, vomiting
注意事項與禁忌
- Lactating dairy animals (not approved)
- Severely debilitated animals
- Patients with significant renal or hepatic impairment
- Cats with FIV or FIP (and likely ineffective in FeLV)
- Use as a dirofilarial adulticide
- Intravenous (IV) administration (never recommended)
- Intramuscular (IM) administration in birds (avoid if possible)
- > **Narrow Margin of Safety:** Levamisole has a narrow therapeutic index, especially in small animals and birds. Accurate dosing is critical. * **Stress:** Use cautiously or delay use in cattle that are stressed due to vaccination, dehorning, or castration. * **Pregnancy:** FDA Category C / Papich Class C. Has been implicated in causing abortion in goats. Use only if potential benefits outweigh risks. * **Nursing:** Excreted in cows' milk; use with caution in nursing dams.
藥物相互作用
- Aspirin: Levamisole may increase salicylate levels
- Chloramphenicol: Fatalities have been reported after concomitant administration; avoid using these agents together
- Cholinesterase-inhibiting drugs (e.g., organophosphates, neostigmine): Could theoretically enhance the toxic effects of levamisole; use together with caution
- Nicotine-like compounds (e.g., pyrantel, morantel, diethylcarbamazine): Could theoretically enhance the toxic effects of levamisole; use together with caution
- Warfarin: Increased risk for bleeding
常見問題
Levamisole用於寵物有甚麼用途？
* **Strict Dosing:** Give this medication exactly as prescribed by your veterinarian. Levamisole has a narrow margin of safety, meaning the difference between an effective dose and a toxic dose is small. * **Adverse Effects:** Watch your pet closely for signs of toxicity such as excessive drooling, shaking, panting, vomiting, diarrhea, or unusual behavior. Contact your veterinarian immediately if these occur. * **Administration:** Do not give on an empty stomach or immediately after your pet drinks water if using orally for certain conditions (follow specific vet instructions). * **Food Animals:** Levamisole is not FDA-approved for use in dairy animals of breeding age. Adhere strictly to slaughter withdrawal times (e.g., 48 hours for cattle, 72 hours for sheep/swine). * **Retreatment:** Animals in heavily parasitized environments may need retreatment 2-4 weeks after the initial dose.
Levamisole對我的寵物安全嗎？
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
本文僅供一般健康教育，不能取代專業獸醫意見。如寵物身體不適，請諮詢獸醫。