卡托普利

用途

• CHF / Hypertension
• Dilative, restrictive or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
• CHF / Hypertension
• CHF / Hypertension

給藥方式

可能的副作用

• Hypotension
• Renal failure
• Hyperkalemia
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Skin rashes (reported in humans, not dogs)
• Neutropenia/agranulocytosis (rare, reported in humans)

注意事項與禁忌

• Hypersensitivity to ACE inhibitors
• Use with caution and under close supervision in patients with **renal insufficiency**; doses may need to be reduced. Use cautiously in patients with **hyponatremia or sodium depletion**, coronary or cerebrovascular insufficiency, preexisting hematologic abnormalities, or collagen vascular diseases (e.g., SLE). Patients with severe CHF should be monitored very closely upon initiation of therapy to prevent profound hypotension. **Reproductive Safety:** Captopril crosses the placenta. High doses in rodents caused decreased fetal weights and increased mortality. Use during pregnancy only when potential benefits outweigh risks (FDA Category C for 1st trimester; Category D for 2nd/3rd trimesters). Enters milk at ~1% of maternal plasma concentrations.

藥物相互作用

• Antacids: Reduced oral absorption of captopril; separate dosing by at least two hours.
• Cimetidine: Concomitant use has caused neurologic dysfunction in human patients.
• Digoxin: Digoxin levels may increase 15-30%; monitor serum digoxin levels.
• Diuretics: Concomitant use may cause hypotension; titrate dosages carefully.
• NSAIDs: May reduce the clinical efficacy of captopril when used as an antihypertensive agent.
• Potassium or Potassium-Sparing Diuretics (e.g., spironolactone): Increased risk of developing hyperkalemia.
• Probenecid: Can decrease renal excretion of captopril, possibly enhancing clinical and toxic effects.
• Vasodilators (e.g., prazosin, hydralazine, nitrates): Concomitant use may cause additive hypotension; titrate dosages carefully.

常見問題