阿卡波糖

用途

• Improve glycemic control and reduce insulin dependence
• Reduce insulin dosage and thereby reduce hypoglycemia occurrence
• Adjunctive glycemic control
• For dogs poorly controlled with insulin and dietary therapy when another reason for the poor control cannot be identified
• Adjunctive glycemic control

給藥方式

可能的副作用

• Flatulence
• Soft stools
• Diarrhea (dose-dependent)
• Weight loss (reported in dogs)
• May contribute to hypoglycemia if used concurrently with other hypoglycemic agents (e.g., insulin)

注意事項與禁忌

• Underweight animals (may have deleterious effects on nutritional status)
• Known hypersensitivity to acarbose
• Diabetic ketoacidosis
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Colonic ulceration
• Partial intestinal obstruction or predisposition to obstruction
• Chronic intestinal disease with marked disorders of digestion or absorption
• Conditions where excessive gas formation would be detrimental
• > **Important Precautions:** * **Hepatic/Renal Impairment:** Use with caution in patients with renal dysfunction or severe liver disease. Patients with severe renal dysfunction may attain serum levels approximately 5 times those of normal subjects. * **Pregnancy:** Safety in pregnancy has not been established (FDA Category B in humans). Weigh potential risks versus benefits. * **Hypoglycemia Risk:** While acarbose alone does not cause hypoglycemia, it can exacerbate it when used with insulin. If oral treatment for hypoglycemia is needed, **use pure glucose (dextrose), NOT sucrose**, as acarbose blocks the breakdown of sucrose.

藥物相互作用

• Charcoal: Intestinal adsorbents may reduce the efficacy of acarbose.
• Digoxin: Acarbose may reduce digoxin blood concentrations.
• Hyperglycemic Agents (corticosteroids, thiazides, estrogens, phenothiazines, thyroid hormones, calcium channel blockers): May negate the antihyperglycemic effects of acarbose.
• Pancreatin, Pancrelipase, or Amylase: Exogenous enzyme formulations may reduce the efficacy of acarbose.

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