アルファキサロン

使用用途

• Anesthesia Induction (Premedicated)
• Anesthesia Induction (Unpremedicated)
• Anesthesia Induction (Alternative)
• Anesthesia Maintenance (CRI, Premedicated)
• Anesthesia Maintenance (CRI, Unpremedicated)
• Anesthesia Maintenance (Bolus, Premedicated)
• Anesthesia Maintenance (Bolus, Unpremedicated)
• Anesthesia Maintenance (Alternative Bolus)
• Anesthesia Induction
• Anesthesia Induction (Alternative)
• Anesthesia Maintenance (CRI, Premedicated)
• Anesthesia Maintenance (CRI, Unpremedicated)
• Anesthesia Maintenance (Bolus, Premedicated)
• Anesthesia Maintenance (Bolus, Unpremedicated)
• Deep Sedation / Light Anesthesia
• Induction of anaesthesia
• Maintenance of anaesthesia
• Maintenance of anaesthesia (bolus)
• Sedation (with butorphanol)
• Sedation (with butorphanol)
• Anesthesia Induction
• Anesthesia Induction / Sedation

投与方法

考えられる副作用

• Respiratory depression
• Post-induction apnea
• Hypotension (dose-dependent)
• Cardiac arrhythmias (primarily secondary to hypoxemia/hypercapnia)
• Psychomotor excitement during recovery (especially if unstimulated or lacking premedication)

注意事項と禁忌

• Concurrent use with other injectable general anesthetic agents (e.g., propofol, thiopental)
• Situations where endotracheal intubation, positive pressure ventilation, and oxygen support are unavailable
• Animals less than 12 weeks of age (safety not established)
• > **Critical Warning:** Post-induction apnea is common (up to 44% in dogs, 19% in cats). Alfaxalone should **only** be used when endotracheal intubation and oxygen supplementation/ventilation are immediately available. * **Administration Rate:** Give slowly IV (over 60 seconds or titrated to effect) to minimize the risk of severe apnea. * **Hepatic Dysfunction:** Use with caution; lower dosages or increased dosing intervals may be required as the drug undergoes extensive hepatic metabolism. * **Recovery Environment:** Keep patients in a quiet, unstimulating environment during recovery to minimize psychomotor excitement. Avoid handling unless necessary. * **Analgesia:** Always provide concurrent appropriate pain control, as alfaxalone offers no analgesia.

薬物相互作用

• CNS Depressants (e.g., acepromazine, opioids, alpha-2 agonists, benzodiazepines): Potentiates the CNS and respiratory depressant effects. Significantly reduces the required induction and maintenance doses of alfaxalone.
• Propofol: Should not be used concurrently according to the manufacturer label.
• Thiopental: Should not be used concurrently according to the manufacturer label.
• Other IV anaesthetic agents: Increased risk of severe CNS and respiratory depression
• Premedicants (e.g., sedatives, opioids): Synergistic CNS depression; significantly reduces the required induction dose of alfaxalone
• Opioids (e.g., methadone, buprenorphine): Synergistic CNS depression; reduces the required induction dose of alfaxalone.
• Alpha-2 agonists (e.g., dexmedetomidine): Profound synergy; significantly reduces alfaxalone dose requirements and may exacerbate cardiovascular and respiratory depression.
• Phenothiazines (e.g., acepromazine): Enhanced sedation and increased risk of hypotension.
• Opioids (e.g., butorphanol, methadone): Synergistic CNS depression; significantly reduces the required induction dose of alfaxalone.
• Benzodiazepines (e.g., midazolam): Synergistic CNS depression; reduces alfaxalone dose requirements.

よくある質問