Midazolam
Juga dikenal sebagai: Versed, Dormicum, Dormonid, Fulsed, Hypnovel, Midaselect, Zolamid, Buccolam, Epistatus
> **Note:** Midazolam is almost exclusively administered in a veterinary hospital setting or under direct professional supervision. * **Purpose:** Your pet may receive this medication to help them relax before surgery, to provide muscle relaxation, or to quickly stop an active seizure. * **Behavioral Changes:** If given alone, some pets (especially healthy dogs and cats) may become temporarily restless, whiny, or uncoordinated instead of sleepy. This is a known reaction and resolves quickly. * **Safety:** Because it can affect breathing and heart rate when combined with other anesthetics, your veterinary team will closely monitor your pet's vital signs while they are under its effects.
Dosage must be set by your veterinarian for your specific pet. Never give human medication or another pet’s prescription without veterinary guidance.
Veterinary professional? See the full dosing-by-species reference on VetSheet →
What it is used for
- As a preoperative agent
- As a preoperative agent
- As a preoperative agent
- For status epilepticus
- Emergency management of seizures including status epilepticus
- As a preoperative agent
- For seizure control in foals
- For seizure control in foals
- For adjunctive use (with an analgesic) for pain control
- As a pre-med for anxious or easily stressed birds
- As part of an injectable anesthetic regimen
- As a tranquilizer (to increase relaxation of lightly anesthetized animals and permit ET intubation) in Rabbits
- Tranquilizer/Sedative in Rabbits
- Tranquilizer/Sedative in Hamsters, Gerbils, Mice, Rats, Guinea pigs, Chinchillas
- As a preanesthetic in Rabbits
- As a preanesthetic in Rodents
- Injectable anesthesia in Rodents
- Injectable anesthesia in Rabbits
- As an induction agent in rabbits
- As a preoperative agent
- As a preoperative agent
- As a preoperative agent
- For status epilepticus
- For status epilepticus
- For status epilepticus
- Emergency management of seizures including status epilepticus
- Maintenance control of seizures
How it is given
Possible side effects
- Respiratory depression (especially when combined with opioids or other CNS depressants)
- Paradoxical excitement, dysphoria, or agitation (especially in cats and dogs when used alone)
- Hypotension and bradycardia (when combined with other anesthetics like isoflurane or ketamine)
- Pain on injection or local irritation (rare compared to diazepam)
- Respiratory depression
- Severe hypotension
- Paradoxical excitement (occasionally)
Cautions & contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to benzodiazepines
- Acute narrow-angle glaucoma
- Intra-carotid artery injection (must be avoided)
- Neonates (avoid use)
- > **High-Risk Patients:** Use cautiously in patients with hepatic or renal disease, and in debilitated or geriatric patients. * **Cardiovascular/Respiratory:** Administer with extreme caution to patients in coma, shock, or with significant respiratory depression. Patients with congestive heart failure may eliminate the drug more slowly. * **Anesthetic Combinations:** While midazolam alone has minimal cardiorespiratory effects, combining it with opioids, ketamine, or inhalants can lead to significant respiratory depression, bradycardia, or hypotension. * **Pregnancy:** FDA Category D in humans. May cause congenital abnormalities if used in the first trimester. Excreted in milk and may cause CNS effects in nursing neonates.
Drug interactions
- Inhalational Anesthetics (e.g., Isoflurane): Midazolam may decrease the dosages required for inhalant anesthetics.
- Azole Antifungals (ketoconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole): May inhibit midazolam metabolism, increasing midazolam blood levels.
- Calcium Channel Blockers (diltiazem, verapamil): May increase midazolam levels.
- Cimetidine: May increase midazolam levels by inhibiting hepatic metabolism.
- Other CNS Depressants: May increase the risk of profound sedation and respiratory depression.
- Macrolide Antibiotics (erythromycin, clarithromycin): May increase midazolam levels.
- Opiates: May increase the hypnotic effects of midazolam; hypotension has been reported when used with meperidine. Combination causes greater respiratory depression.
- Phenobarbital: May decrease peak levels and AUC of midazolam via enzyme induction.
- Rifampin: May decrease peak levels and AUC of midazolam.
- Thiopental: Midazolam may decrease the dosages required for induction.
- Propofol: Potentiates effect, reducing the dose required for induction
- Inhalation anaesthetics: Potentiates effect, reducing the dose required
- NSAIDs (e.g., diclofenac): May enhance the sedative effect
- Antihistamines: May enhance the sedative effect
- Barbiturates: May enhance the sedative effect
- Opioid analgesics: May increase the hypnotic and hypotensive effects of midazolam; enhances sedation
- Erythromycin: Inhibits the metabolism of midazolam
Pertanyaan umum
What is Midazolam used for in pets?
> Note: Midazolam is almost exclusively administered in a veterinary hospital setting or under direct professional supervision. • Purpose: Your pet may receive this medication to help them relax before surgery, to provide muscle relaxation, or to quickly stop an active seizure. • Behavioral Changes: If given alone, some pets (especially healthy dogs and cats) may become temporarily restless, whiny, or uncoordinated instead of sleepy. This is a known reaction and resolves quickly. • Safety: Because it can affect breathing and heart rate when combined with other anesthetics, your veterinary team will closely monitor your pet's vital signs while they are under its effects.
Is Midazolam safe for my pet?
Dosage must be set by your veterinarian for your specific pet. Never give human medication or another pet’s prescription without veterinary guidance.
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