Midazolam
別名: Versed, Dormicum, Dormonid, Fulsed, Hypnovel, Midaselect, Zolamid, Buccolam, Epistatus
> **Note:** Midazolam is almost exclusively administered in a veterinary hospital setting or under direct professional supervision. * **Purpose:** Your pet may receive this medication to help them relax before surgery, to provide muscle relaxation, or to quickly stop an active seizure. * **Behavioral Changes:** If given alone, some pets (especially healthy dogs and cats) may become temporarily restless, whiny, or uncoordinated instead of sleepy. This is a known reaction and resolves quickly. * **Safety:** Because it can affect breathing and heart rate when combined with other anesthetics, your veterinary team will closely monitor your pet's vital signs while they are under its effects.
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
用途
- As a preoperative agent
- As a preoperative agent
- As a preoperative agent
- For status epilepticus
- Emergency management of seizures including status epilepticus
- As a preoperative agent
- For seizure control in foals
- For seizure control in foals
- For adjunctive use (with an analgesic) for pain control
- As a pre-med for anxious or easily stressed birds
- As part of an injectable anesthetic regimen
- As a tranquilizer (to increase relaxation of lightly anesthetized animals and permit ET intubation) in Rabbits
- Tranquilizer/Sedative in Rabbits
給藥方式
可能的副作用
- Respiratory depression (especially when combined with opioids or other CNS depressants)
- Paradoxical excitement, dysphoria, or agitation (especially in cats and dogs when used alone)
- Hypotension and bradycardia (when combined with other anesthetics like isoflurane or ketamine)
- Pain on injection or local irritation (rare compared to diazepam)
- Respiratory depression
- Severe hypotension
- Paradoxical excitement (occasionally)
注意事項與禁忌
- Hypersensitivity to benzodiazepines
- Acute narrow-angle glaucoma
- Intra-carotid artery injection (must be avoided)
- Neonates (avoid use)
- > **High-Risk Patients:** Use cautiously in patients with hepatic or renal disease, and in debilitated or geriatric patients. * **Cardiovascular/Respiratory:** Administer with extreme caution to patients in coma, shock, or with significant respiratory depression. Patients with congestive heart failure may eliminate the drug more slowly. * **Anesthetic Combinations:** While midazolam alone has minimal cardiorespiratory effects, combining it with opioids, ketamine, or inhalants can lead to significant respiratory depression, bradycardia, or hypotension. * **Pregnancy:** FDA Category D in humans. May cause congenital abnormalities if used in the first trimester. Excreted in milk and may cause CNS effects in nursing neonates.
藥物相互作用
- Inhalational Anesthetics (e.g., Isoflurane): Midazolam may decrease the dosages required for inhalant anesthetics.
- Azole Antifungals (ketoconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole): May inhibit midazolam metabolism, increasing midazolam blood levels.
- Calcium Channel Blockers (diltiazem, verapamil): May increase midazolam levels.
- Cimetidine: May increase midazolam levels by inhibiting hepatic metabolism.
- Other CNS Depressants: May increase the risk of profound sedation and respiratory depression.
- Macrolide Antibiotics (erythromycin, clarithromycin): May increase midazolam levels.
- Opiates: May increase the hypnotic effects of midazolam; hypotension has been reported when used with meperidine. Combination causes greater respiratory depression.
- Phenobarbital: May decrease peak levels and AUC of midazolam via enzyme induction.
- Rifampin: May decrease peak levels and AUC of midazolam.
- Thiopental: Midazolam may decrease the dosages required for induction.
常見問題
Midazolam用於寵物有甚麼用途？
> **Note:** Midazolam is almost exclusively administered in a veterinary hospital setting or under direct professional supervision. * **Purpose:** Your pet may receive this medication to help them relax before surgery, to provide muscle relaxation, or to quickly stop an active seizure. * **Behavioral Changes:** If given alone, some pets (especially healthy dogs and cats) may become temporarily restless, whiny, or uncoordinated instead of sleepy. This is a known reaction and resolves quickly. * **Safety:** Because it can affect breathing and heart rate when combined with other anesthetics, your veterinary team will closely monitor your pet's vital signs while they are under its effects.
Midazolam對我的寵物安全嗎？
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
本文僅供一般健康教育，不能取代專業獸醫意見。如寵物身體不適，請諮詢獸醫。