普魯卡因與腎上腺素

給藥方式

可能的副作用

• Local tissue irritation
• Ischemia or tissue necrosis (due to epinephrine)
• CNS excitation followed by depression (at toxic doses)
• Cardiovascular depression, hypotension, or arrhythmias (at toxic doses)
• Allergic reactions (ester anesthetics are metabolized to PABA, a known allergen)

注意事項與禁忌

• Intravenous administration
• Use in areas supplied by end-arteries (e.g., tail, ears, digits) due to risk of ischemic necrosis
• Known hypersensitivity to ester-type local anesthetics or PABA
• Epidural use (depending on specific formulation preservatives)
• > **WARNING:** Do not use epinephrine-containing solutions in extremities or areas with collateral-poor circulation (e.g., tail, ears, digits) due to the risk of severe ischemia and tissue sloughing. Always aspirate the syringe before injecting to ensure the needle is not in a blood vessel, as accidental intravenous injection can cause severe cardiovascular and CNS toxicity.

藥物相互作用

• Sulfonamide antibiotics: Procaine is metabolized to PABA, which competitively antagonizes the antibacterial effect of sulfonamides.
• Alpha-adrenergic blockers: May antagonize the vasoconstrictive effects of epinephrine.
• Halothane: Sensitizes the myocardium to catecholamines; increased risk of arrhythmias with epinephrine.

常見問題