植甲萘醌 (維生素K1)
別名: Mephyton, K-Caps, Veda-K1, Veta-K1, K-Chews, K-Ject, Vita-Jec, Aqua-Mephyton, Konakion, Vitamine K1 Laboratoire TVM, Vitamin K1, K-1
藥物類別: Antidote, Fat-Soluble Vitamin
* **嚴格遵守給藥時間表：** 因為現代老鼠藥（第二代殺鼠劑）在體內停留的時間非常長，所以必須**完整按照指示的療程**（通常為3-4週）給藥。提早停藥可能會導致突然且危及生命的內出血。 * **與食物一起餵食：** 將口服維生素K1與**高脂肪食物**（如罐頭食品、少量起司或花生醬）一起餵食，可以顯著提高藥物吸收到血液中的比例。 * **限制活動：** 在治療期間，請讓您的寵物保持安靜並嚴格限制活動（僅限牽繩散步，禁止跳躍或激烈玩耍），以盡量減少因輕微碰撞而導致瘀傷或內出血的風險。 * **後續檢測：** 您的獸醫通常需要在最後一劑維生素K1給藥後約48小時，重新檢查您寵物的血液凝固時間，以確保毒素已完全排出體外。
劑量必須由獸醫依你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
Veterinary professional? See the full dosing-by-species reference on VetSheet →
用途
- Adjunctive therapy of acute liver failure
- Anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity (exposed but non-bleeding)
- Anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity (bleeding patient)
- Anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity (symptomatic)
- Known 1st generation coumarin toxicity or vitamin K1 deficiency
- Known 2nd generation coumarin (brodifacoum) toxicity
- Known inandione (diphacinone) or unknown anticoagulant toxicity
- Liver disease (pre-biopsy)
- Warfarin (or related compounds) toxicity
- Warfarin (or related compounds) toxicity
- Warfarin (or related compounds) toxicity
- Warfarin (or related compounds) toxicity
- Hemorrhagic disorders
- Hemorrhagic disorders
- Anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity
- Anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity (symptomatic)
- Anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity
- Anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity
- Acute hypoprothrombinemia with hemorrhage
- Non-acute hypoprothrombinemia
- Sweet clover or lespedeza toxicity
- Warfarin (or related compounds) toxicity
- Adjunctive therapy of acute liver failure
- Anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity (exposed but non-bleeding)
- Anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity (bleeding patient)
- Anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity (symptomatic)
- Known 1st generation coumarin toxicity or vitamin K1 deficiency
- Known 2nd generation coumarin (brodifacoum) toxicity
- Known inandione (diphacinone) or unknown anticoagulant toxicity
- Liver disease (pre-biopsy)
給藥方式
POSCIMIV (Not recommended/Extreme caution)
可能的副作用
- Anaphylactoid reactions (especially following IV administration)
- Acute bleeding from the injection site (IM administration during early stages of treatment)
- Slow or poor absorption from SC or PO routes in hypovolemic patients
- Anaphylactic reactions (following IV administration)
- Haemolytic anaemia (in cats when overdosed)
- Anaphylaxis (primarily with IV administration)
- Injection site reactions (pain, swelling)
- Hematoma formation at injection sites (due to underlying coagulopathy)
注意事項與禁忌
- Known hypersensitivity to phytonadione or its components
- Hypoprothrombinemia due to hepatocellular damage (Vitamin K cannot correct this if the liver cannot synthesize the protein precursors)
- Intravenous administration (relative contraindication due to anaphylaxis risk)
- Known hypersensitivity to phytomenadione
- Intramuscular administration in severely coagulopathic patients (risk of severe hematoma)
- **Intravenous Administration Warning:** The FDA-CVM warns against administering phytonadione IV due to a significant risk of severe anaphylactoid reactions. If IV use is absolutely necessary (e.g., severe bleeding with very high INR in large animals), it must be diluted and given extremely slowly. **Injection Site Bleeding:** IM injections can cause acute bleeding at the site in coagulopathic patients. Use small-gauge needles for SC or IM injections. **Delayed Onset:** It takes 6-12 hours for new clotting factors to be synthesized. Emergency needs for clotting factors in actively bleeding patients MUST be met with blood products (fresh frozen plasma or whole blood). **Absorption:** SC or PO doses may be poorly absorbed in hypovolemic animals. Oral absorption requires bile salts and is significantly enhanced (4-5x) by administering with a fatty meal.
藥物相互作用
- Oral Antibiotics: May decrease the numbers of Vitamin K-producing bacteria in the gut, though chronic therapy usually has no significant effect on phytonadione absorption.
- Mineral Oil: Concomitant oral administration may reduce the GI absorption of oral Vitamin K.
- Warfarin (and other coumarin/indanedione anticoagulants): Phytonadione directly antagonizes the anticoagulant effects of these drugs.
- Phenylbutazone, Aspirin, Chloramphenicol, Sulfonamides, Diazoxide, Allopurinol, Cimetidine, Metronidazole, Anabolic Steroids, Erythromycin, Ketoconazole, Propranolol, Thyroid Drugs: May prolong or enhance the effects of anticoagulants, thereby antagonizing some of the therapeutic effects of phytonadione.
- Aspirin: Antagonizes the effects of vitamin K
- Chloramphenicol: Antagonizes the effects of vitamin K
- Allopurinol: Antagonizes the effects of vitamin K
- Diazoxide: Antagonizes the effects of vitamin K
- Cimetidine: Antagonizes the effects of vitamin K
- Metronidazole: Antagonizes the effects of vitamin K
- Erythromycin: Antagonizes the effects of vitamin K
- Itraconazole: Antagonizes the effects of vitamin K
- Propranolol: Antagonizes the effects of vitamin K
- Thyroid drugs: Antagonizes the effects of vitamin K
- Coumarin-based anticoagulants: Antagonizes the effects of vitamin K
- Broad-spectrum antibiotics: May decrease gut flora production of vitamin K, though clinically minor when exogenous K1 is supplemented
- Aspirin / NSAIDs: May exacerbate bleeding tendencies through platelet inhibition
常見問題
植甲萘醌 (維生素K1)用於寵物有什麼用途？
• 嚴格遵守給藥時間表： 因為現代老鼠藥（第二代殺鼠劑）在體內停留的時間非常長，所以必須完整按照指示的療程（通常為3-4週）給藥。提早停藥可能會導致突然且危及生命的內出血。 • 與食物一起餵食： 將口服維生素K1與高脂肪食物（如罐頭食品、少量起司或花生醬）一起餵食，可以顯著提高藥物吸收到血液中的比例。 • 限制活動： 在治療期間，請讓您的寵物保持安靜並嚴格限制活動（僅限牽繩散步，禁止跳躍或激烈玩耍），以盡量減少因輕微碰撞而導致瘀傷或內出血的風險。 • 後續檢測： 您的獸醫通常需要在最後一劑維生素K1給藥後約48小時，重新檢查您寵物的血液凝固時間，以確保毒素已完全排出體外。
植甲萘醌 (維生素K1)對我的寵物安全嗎？
劑量必須由獸醫依你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
本文僅供一般健康教育，不能取代專業獸醫意見。如寵物身體不適，請諮詢獸醫。