鴉片全鹼

用途

• Analgesia / Sedation
• Analgesia / Sedation

給藥方式

可能的副作用

• Vomiting (common)
• Respiratory depression (especially IV during general anaesthesia)
• Constriction of gastrointestinal sphincters (e.g., pyloric sphincter)
• Reduction in gastrointestinal motility
• Sedation in neonates (crosses placenta)

注意事項與禁忌

• No specific contraindications available, but use with caution in patients with impaired liver function or pregnant animals near parturition.
• Normal safety and handling precautions should be observed. > **Respiratory Monitoring:** Respiratory depression may occur when given IV during general anaesthesia due to increased anaesthetic depth. Respiratory function must be monitored in anaesthetized patients. > **Variable Response:** The response to all opioids is highly variable between individual patients; imperative to assess pain after administration. > **Hepatic Impairment:** Metabolized in the liver; prolonged effects may be seen in patients with impaired liver function. > **Pregnancy:** Crosses the placenta and may exert sedative effects in neonates born to bitches treated prior to parturition.

藥物相互作用

• Anaesthetics: Increased CNS or respiratory depression
• Antihistamines: Increased CNS or respiratory depression
• Barbiturates: Increased CNS or respiratory depression
• Phenothiazines (e.g., Acepromazine): Increased CNS or respiratory depression; often used together intentionally for deep sedation
• Tranquillizers: Increased CNS or respiratory depression

常見問題