納洛酮
別名: Narcan
藥物類別: Antidote; Opiate Antagonist
- **用途**：納洛酮是一種急救藥物，用於逆轉鴉片類止痛藥的作用或治療鴉片類藥物過量。 - **預期反應**：您的寵物可能會從鎮靜狀態中迅速醒來。因為它會抵消止痛藥的效果，寵物可能會突然感到疼痛。 - **密切觀察**：納洛酮的藥效消退時間可能比鴉片類藥物快。請密切觀察寵物是否再次出現極度嗜睡、呼吸緩慢或無反應的現象。 - **給藥方式**：通常由獸醫專業人員給藥，但在某些情況下（如新生幼犬/幼貓），可能會指示您將藥滴在舌下。
劑量必須由獸醫依你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
Veterinary professional? See the full dosing-by-species reference on VetSheet →
用途
- Opioid reversal
- Neonatal opioid reversal (following caesarian sections)
- Adjunctive treatment of hyperthermia
- Opioid overdose / reversal
- Opioid overdose / reversal
- Prolonged opioid antagonism
- Opioid reversal
- Limit increases in locomotor activity secondary to narcotic agonists
- Treatment of opioid gastrointestinal tract dysfunction
- Opioid reversal in rodents
- Opioid reversal in rabbits
- Opioid reversal in hamsters, gerbils, mice, rats, guinea pigs, chinchillas
- Opioid reversal
- Opioid reversal
- Dysphoria associated with post-surgical opioids
- Neonatal opioid reversal (following caesarian sections)
- Adjunctive treatment of pulseless electrical activity (PEA) in CPCR
- Opioid overdose / reversal
- Opioid overdose / reversal
- Prolonged opioid antagonism
給藥方式
IVIMSCSublingualIntratracheal
可能的副作用
- Reversal of analgesia (return of pain)
- Acute withdrawal syndrome in opioid-dependent patients
- CNS excitement (especially if used in meperidine overdose)
- Seizures (at very high doses, likely secondary to GABA antagonism)
- Acute severe discomfort or pain (due to sudden loss of analgesia)
- Antanalgesic effects in opioid-naïve subjects
- Transient elevation of unconsciousness (at low doses)
注意事項與禁忌
- Hypersensitivity to naloxone
- Indiscriminate use in animals that have undergone major surgery or trauma (due to severe pain from analgesia reversal)
- > **Important Warning:** The duration of action of naloxone (45-90 minutes) is often shorter than the opioid it is reversing. Patients may slip back into respiratory depression and require re-dosing or continuous ventilatory support. - Use with caution in animals with preexisting cardiac abnormalities. - Use cautiously in opioid-dependent animals or those that have received exceedingly large doses of narcotics, as it may precipitate an acute withdrawal syndrome. - **Meperidine Toxicity:** Naloxone is reportedly not effective for reversing meperidine-induced seizures and may elicit CNS excitement if normeperidine excitotoxicity is present. Avoid unless severe respiratory depression is present without ventilatory support. - **Buprenorphine:** Naloxone is not a good reversal agent for buprenorphine due to buprenorphine's high receptor affinity; massive doses (100X usual) may be required.
藥物相互作用
- Opioid partial-agonists (butorphanol, pentazocine, nalbuphine): Naloxone may antagonize the effects of these agents (respiratory depression, analgesia). It should not be relied upon to treat respiratory depression caused by buprenorphine.
- Clonidine: Naloxone may reduce the hypotensive and bradycardic effects of clonidine; potentially useful for clonidine overdoses.
- Yohimbine: Naloxone may increase the CNS effects of yohimbine (anxiety, tremors, nausea, palpitations) and increase plasma cortisol levels.
- Opioid Agonists (e.g., Morphine, Methadone, Fentanyl): Naloxone reverses the analgesic, sedative, and respiratory depressant effects of opioid agonists.
- Buprenorphine: Buprenorphine binds tightly to opioid receptors; naloxone may not fully reverse its effects or may require much higher doses.
常見問題
納洛酮用於寵物有什麼用途？
- 用途：納洛酮是一種急救藥物，用於逆轉鴉片類止痛藥的作用或治療鴉片類藥物過量。 - 預期反應：您的寵物可能會從鎮靜狀態中迅速醒來。因為它會抵消止痛藥的效果，寵物可能會突然感到疼痛。 - 密切觀察：納洛酮的藥效消退時間可能比鴉片類藥物快。請密切觀察寵物是否再次出現極度嗜睡、呼吸緩慢或無反應的現象。 - 給藥方式：通常由獸醫專業人員給藥，但在某些情況下（如新生幼犬/幼貓），可能會指示您將藥滴在舌下。
納洛酮對我的寵物安全嗎？
劑量必須由獸醫依你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
本文僅供一般健康教育，不能取代專業獸醫意見。如寵物身體不適，請諮詢獸醫。