勞拉西泮 (Lorazepam)

用途

• Fears/anxiety
• Fears, anxieties, phobias
• Anxiolytic
• Short-term management of anxiety disorders
• Status epilepticus (alternative to diazepam)
• Status epilepticus
• Fears, anxieties, phobias
• Anxiolytic
• Fears/anxiety
• Fears, anxieties, phobias, aversions
• Short-term management of anxiety disorders

給藥方式

可能的副作用

• Increased appetite
• Aggression
• Increased activity/excitement (paradoxical reaction)
• Vocalization
• Ataxia
• Somnolence
• Lethargy
• Disinhibition (potential emergence of aggression)
• Drowsiness
• Mild transient incoordination (ataxia)
• Tremor and inappetence (associated with acute withdrawal)

注意事項與禁忌

• Hypersensitivity to benzodiazepines
• Severe respiratory insufficiency (unless mechanically ventilated)
• Glaucoma
• Significant liver disease
• Significant kidney disease
• Pregnant animals
• Lactating animals
• **Withdrawal:** When using for negative behaviors, withdraw the drug gradually to avoid a rebound effect. Physical dependency has been induced in dogs; long-term regular usage requires gradual weaning. **Administration Warning:** Injectable lorazepam must NOT be given intra-arterially; arteriospasm may occur resulting in necrosis. **Pregnancy:** Designated FDA Category D in humans (evidence of fetal risk), but animal studies suggest relative safety at usual dosages. High doses just prior to delivery can cause 'floppy infant' syndrome.

藥物相互作用

• CNS Depressants (opiates, barbiturates, sedatives, anticonvulsants): Additive CNS effects
• Probenecid: Decreased renal clearance of lorazepam
• Scopolamine: Increased CNS depression, irrational behavior
• Theophylline: Decreased sedation from lorazepam
• Valproate: Increased lorazepam serum concentration
• Itraconazole: Inhibits the metabolism of lorazepam, potentially leading to increased plasma concentrations and prolonged sedation.
• Ketoconazole: May inhibit the metabolism of lorazepam, increasing the risk of toxicity.
• Other CNS Depressants: Additive CNS depression and sedation.

常見問題