莨菪鹼

用途

• Irritable bowel syndrome
• Long-term management of symptomatic patients with sinus node disease

給藥方式

可能的副作用

• Mydriasis (pupil dilation)
• Xerostomia (dry mouth)
• Constipation
• Urinary retention
• Xerophthalmia (dry eyes)
• Tachycardia
• CNS effects (somnolence, delirium, or paradoxical excitement at higher doses)

注意事項與禁忌

• Hypersensitivity to hyoscyamine or other belladonna alkaloids
• Glaucoma (narrow or wide angle)
• Intestinal obstruction or intestinal atony
• Toxic megacolon
• Severe ulcerative colitis
• Obstructive uropathy
• Acute hemorrhage with cardiovascular instability
• Use with extreme caution in patients with renal dysfunction, as drug elimination may be reduced. Carefully consider the risks before using in patients with tachyarrhythmias, cardiac valve disease, or congestive heart failure due to its chronotropic effects. May aggravate myasthenia gravis. FDA Pregnancy Category C; use during pregnancy only if clearly needed. It is excreted in trace amounts in milk; while likely safe, risk to nursing offspring cannot be entirely ruled out.

藥物相互作用

• Antacids (magnesium, aluminum, calcium salts): May interfere with the gastrointestinal absorption of hyoscyamine.
• Other Anticholinergics (e.g., atropine, glycopyrrolate): Additive anticholinergic actions and increased risk of adverse effects.
• First-Generation Antihistamines (e.g., diphenhydramine): Additive anticholinergic actions and increased risk of adverse effects.
• Prokinetic Agents (e.g., cisapride, metoclopramide): Hyoscyamine may antagonize and counteract their gastrointestinal prokinetic effects.

常見問題