羥嗪 (Hydroxyzine)

用途

• For pruritus
• For pruritus
• For frequently recurrent idiopathic lower urinary tract disease
• General
• General
• General
• For pruritus associated with allergies, feather picking, or self-mutilation
• For pruritus associated with allergies, feather picking, or self-mutilation
• As an antipruritic/antihistamine
• For flea allergy dermatitis

給藥方式

可能的副作用

• Sedation (most common, usually mild and transient in dogs)
• Hyperexcitability (occasional paradoxical reaction)
• Fine rapid tremors (dogs)
• Whole body tremors (dogs)
• Seizures (rare in dogs)
• Polydipsia (cats)
• Depression (cats)
• Behavioral changes (cats)
• Sedation / Lethargy
• Dry mouth
• Urinary retention
• Gastrointestinal upset
• Paradoxical excitation (rare)

注意事項與禁忌

• Hypersensitivity to hydroxyzine or its metabolites (e.g., cetirizine)
• Known hypersensitivity to hydroxyzine or cetirizine
• Early pregnancy (teratogenic in some animal models)
• Use with caution in patients with **prostatic hypertrophy**, **bladder neck obstruction**, **severe cardiac failure**, **angle-closure glaucoma**, or **pyeloduodenal obstruction** due to its anticholinergic effects. > **Pregnancy Warning**: At doses substantially greater than those used therapeutically, hydroxyzine has been shown to be teratogenic in lab animals. Use during pregnancy (particularly during the first trimester) only when the benefits outweigh the risks (FDA Category C). It is unknown if hydroxyzine enters maternal milk, but its active metabolite cetirizine does.

藥物相互作用

• Anticholinergic agents: Additive anticholinergic effects may occur when used concomitantly.
• CNS Depressant Drugs (e.g., barbiturates, tranquilizers): Additive CNS depression may be seen.
• Epinephrine: Hydroxyzine may inhibit or reverse the vasopressor effects of epinephrine; use norepinephrine or metaraminol instead.
• CNS Depressants (e.g., opioids, barbiturates, gabapentin): Additive CNS depression and sedation

常見問題