二氟沙星

用途

• Susceptible infections (MIC ≤ 0.25 micrograms/mL)
• Susceptible infections

給藥方式

可能的副作用

• Anorexia
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Cartilage abnormalities (arthropathies) in growing animals
• CNS stimulation or seizures (rare)
• Facial erythema and edema (at high doses)
• Weight loss (at high doses)

注意事項與禁忌

• Hypersensitivity to difloxacin or other quinolones
• Immature dogs during the rapid growth phase (2-8 months in small/medium breeds; up to 18 months in large/giant breeds)
• Cats (relative contraindication due to nausea/vomiting and unknown ophthalmic/retinal safety)
• Food-producing animals (extra-label use prohibited by federal law)
• Use with caution in animals with known or suspected CNS disorders (e.g., seizure disorders), as fluoroquinolones have rarely been associated with CNS stimulation and seizures. Use with caution in patients with hepatic insufficiency, renal insufficiency, or dehydration. Safety in breeding or pregnant dogs has not been established.

藥物相互作用

• Antacids (Mg++, Al+++, Ca++): May bind to difloxacin and prevent its absorption; separate doses by at least 2 hours.
• Dairy Products: Calcium content may decrease absorption; separate doses by at least 2 hours.
• Aminoglycosides, 3rd-gen Cephalosporins, Extended-spectrum Penicillins: Unpredictable synergism may occur against some bacteria, particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
• Cyclosporine: May exacerbate nephrotoxicity and reduce the metabolism of systemic cyclosporine.
• Glyburide: Severe hypoglycemia is possible.
• Iron and Zinc supplements: Decreased difloxacin absorption; separate doses by at least 2 hours.
• Methotrexate: Increased methotrexate levels possible, resulting in toxicity.
• Nitrofurantoin: May antagonize the antimicrobial activity of fluoroquinolones; concomitant use is not recommended.
• Phenytoin: Difloxacin may alter phenytoin blood levels.
• Probenecid: May block tubular secretion and increase the blood level and half-life of difloxacin.

常見問題