檸檬酸鹽（檸檬酸鉀、檸檬酸鈉、檸檬酸）
別名: Nutrived, Urocit-K, Citrolith, Polycitra, Oracit, Bicitra, Cytra, Naturalyte
藥物類別: Urinary Alkalinizer / Potassium Supplement
> **重要提示**：請勿讓您的寵物咀嚼或咬碎緩釋錠，這會導致藥物釋放過快並刺激胃部。 - **給藥方式**：請與食物一起或飯後立即餵食，以減少腸胃不適。如果使用顆粒或液體劑型，請與食物充分混合。 - **水分補充**：請確保寵物隨時有充足的新鮮飲水。 - **監測**：您的獸醫師可能需要定期檢查寵物的尿液 pH 值和血液（特別是鉀離子濃度），以確保劑量正確且安全。 - **副作用**：如果您的寵物出現持續嘔吐、腹瀉、虛弱或排尿習慣改變，請立即聯繫您的獸醫師。
劑量必須由獸醫依你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
用途
- Adjunctive therapy to inhibit calcium oxalate formation
- Decrease possibility of calcium oxalate stone formation (Nutrived Potassium Citrate Granules)
- Adjunctive therapy to inhibit calcium oxalate formation
- Adjunctive therapy of chronic renal failure as a potassium supplement and alkalinizing agent
- Significantly acidemic chronic renal failure
- Hypokalemic chronic renal failure
- Adjunctive therapy to inhibit calcium oxalate crystal formation (hypocitraturia)
- Adjunctive therapy to inhibit calcium oxalate crystal formation
- Decrease possibility of calcium oxalate stone formation (Nutrived Potassium Citrate Granules)
- Persistent calcium oxalate crystalluria/uroliths (after diet and hydrochlorothiazide)
- Adjunctive therapy of chronic renal failure as a potassium supplement and alkalinizing agent
給藥方式
PO
可能的副作用
- Gastrointestinal distress (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)
- Hyperkalemia (specifically with potassium citrate)
- Fluid retention (specifically with sodium citrate)
- Metabolic alkalosis (rare)
注意事項與禁忌
- Heart failure
- Severe renal impairment (with azotemia or oliguria)
- Urinary tract infections (UTI) associated with calcium or struvite stones
- Aluminum toxicity
- Hyperkalemia or conditions predisposing to it (adrenal insufficiency, acute dehydration, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus) - for potassium citrate
- Peptic ulcer disease
- Delayed gastric emptying, esophageal compression, or intestinal obstruction (specifically for tablet formulations)
- Use with caution (weigh risks vs. benefits) in severe renal tubular acidosis or chronic diarrheal syndromes as they may be ineffective. Sodium citrate products should be used with caution in patients with congestive heart disease due to sodium load. Monitor serum potassium levels closely when using potassium citrate, especially in patients with renal insufficiency.
藥物相互作用
- Amphetamines: Alkalinized urine can decrease excretion, potentially increasing toxicity.
- Pseudoephedrine / Ephedrine: Alkalinized urine can decrease excretion.
- Antacids: May cause systemic alkalosis. Aluminum-containing antacids may cause aluminum toxicity, especially in renal insufficiency. Sodium bicarbonate combinations may cause hypernatremia.
- Aspirin (Salicylates): Alkalinized urine can increase the excretion of salicylates, decreasing their efficacy.
- Fluoroquinolones (e.g., ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin): Solubility is decreased in an alkaline environment; monitor for signs of crystalluria.
- Lithium: Alkalinized urine can decrease excretion.
- Methenamine: Concurrent use is not recommended as methenamine requires an acidic urine for efficacy.
- Quinidine: Alkalinized urine can decrease excretion.
- Tetracyclines: Alkalinized urine can decrease excretion.
- ACE Inhibitors (e.g., enalapril, lisinopril): May lead to increases in serum potassium levels (hyperkalemia) when used with potassium citrate.
常見問題
檸檬酸鹽（檸檬酸鉀、檸檬酸鈉、檸檬酸）用於寵物有什麼用途？
> **重要提示**：請勿讓您的寵物咀嚼或咬碎緩釋錠，這會導致藥物釋放過快並刺激胃部。 - **給藥方式**：請與食物一起或飯後立即餵食，以減少腸胃不適。如果使用顆粒或液體劑型，請與食物充分混合。 - **水分補充**：請確保寵物隨時有充足的新鮮飲水。 - **監測**：您的獸醫師可能需要定期檢查寵物的尿液 pH 值和血液（特別是鉀離子濃度），以確保劑量正確且安全。 - **副作用**：如果您的寵物出現持續嘔吐、腹瀉、虛弱或排尿習慣改變，請立即聯繫您的獸醫師。
檸檬酸鹽（檸檬酸鉀、檸檬酸鈉、檸檬酸）對我的寵物安全嗎？
劑量必須由獸醫依你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
本文僅供一般健康教育，不能取代專業獸醫意見。如寵物身體不適，請諮詢獸醫。