頭孢西丁

用途

• Systemic infections
• Sepsis
• Susceptible infections
• Non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM) - second line treatment
• Susceptible infections (Foals)
• Mixed infections (e.g., aspiration pneumonia, bowel perforation)
• Sepsis
• Soft tissue infections
• Bacteremia
• Orthopedic infections
• Susceptible infections

給藥方式

可能的副作用

• Hypersensitivity reactions (rashes, fever, eosinophilia, lymphadenopathy, anaphylaxis)
• Pain at the injection site (IM)
• Sterile abscesses or local tissue reactions
• Thrombophlebitis (IV administration)
• Antibiotic-associated diarrhea or altered gut flora
• Superinfections
• Nephrotoxicity (rare at clinical doses)
• Neurotoxicity, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, hepatitis (associated with high doses or prolonged use)

注意事項與禁忌

• Patients with a history of hypersensitivity to cephalosporins
• Use with extreme caution in patients documented to be hypersensitive to other beta-lactams (penicillins, carbapenems)
• ### Important Precautions * **Renal Impairment**: Patients in renal failure may require dosage adjustments as the drug is primarily eliminated via the kidneys. * **Cross-Reactivity**: Cross-hypersensitivity with penicillins can occur (estimated 1-15% in humans; unknown in veterinary species). * **Administration**: Causes pain on IM injection. When giving IV, administer slowly over 3-5 minutes or more to minimize adverse reactions. * **Laboratory Interference**: May cause false-positive urine glucose tests (cupric sulfate method) and falsely elevated serum/urine creatinine values (Jaffe reaction).

藥物相互作用

• Aminoglycosides / Nephrotoxic Drugs: Potential for additive nephrotoxicity. While in vitro synergy exists against certain bacteria, they should not be mixed in the same syringe or fluid bag.
• Probenecid: Competitively blocks the tubular secretion of cefoxitin, thereby increasing serum levels and prolonging elimination half-lives.

常見問題