響尾蛇抗毒血清 / 多價蝮蛇抗毒血清

用途

• Pit viper envenomation
• Systemic effects of envenomation
• Pit viper envenomation
• Pit viper envenomation

給藥方式

可能的副作用

• Anaphylaxis (Type I hypersensitivity)
• Anaphylactoid reactions
• Serum sickness (Type III hypersensitivity, delayed)
• Nausea
• Pruritus
• Hyperemia of the inner pinna

注意事項與禁忌

• Known severe hypersensitivity to equine or ovine proteins (relative contraindication in life-threatening envenomation)
• High risk of anaphylaxis due to equine-origin proteins. A test dose (1:10 dilution intracutaneously) is sometimes suggested but evaluation is difficult. Slow IV administration is usually sufficient to identify reactive animals. Pre-treatment with diphenhydramine is highly recommended to sedate the patient and reduce allergic reactions. If an anaphylactoid reaction occurs (nausea, pruritus, pinna hyperemia), stop the infusion, administer additional diphenhydramine, and restart 5 minutes later at a slower rate.

藥物相互作用

• Analgesics/Sedatives: May mask the clinical signs associated with the venom; use with caution initially.
• Antihistamines: Theoretical risk of potentiating venom, though diphenhydramine is routinely and safely used by clinicians for pre-treatment.
• Beta-blockers: May mask the early signs associated with anaphylaxis.
• Corticosteroids: Generally out of favor for treating snakebite envenomation, but may be useful to treat secondary anaphylaxis. Contraindicated in horses per some references.
• Heparin: Reportedly not effective in treating the thrombin-like enzymes found in rattlesnake venom.

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