Vancomycin
別名: Vancocin
Vancomycin is a highly specialized antibiotic reserved for very serious infections. * **Hospital Care (IV):** If your pet is receiving this medication by injection, it will be done in the hospital because it must be given slowly into a vein to prevent severe reactions. * **Home Care (Oral):** If you are sent home with oral vancomycin, it is specifically to treat a severe intestinal infection (like *C. difficile*). * **Administration:** Give the oral medication exactly as prescribed by your veterinarian. Do not skip doses or stop early, even if your pet seems better, to prevent the bacteria from becoming resistant. * **Food:** You may give the oral capsules/liquid with a small amount of food if it upsets your pet's stomach. * **Side Effects:** Watch for and report any signs of nausea, loss of appetite, vomiting, or changes in urination.
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
用途
- Confirmed bacteremia/septicemia for enterococci or staphylococci resistant to other commonly used antibiotics
- Serious infections
- Confirmed bacteremia/septicemia for enterococci or staphylococci resistant to other commonly used antibiotics
- Serious infections
- C. difficile enterocolitis
- Skin, urinary, soft tissue infections
- Systemic infections, bacteremia
給藥方式
可能的副作用
- Nephrotoxicity (especially with concurrent nephrotoxic drugs)
- Ototoxicity (hearing loss/vestibular signs)
- Thrombophlebitis (if given IV too rapidly)
- Severe hypotension or cardiac arrest (rare, associated with rapid IV bolus)
- Severe tissue damage and pain (if given IM, SC, or IP)
- Nausea and inappetence (with oral administration)
- Reversible neutropenia (with high/prolonged dosing)
- Hypersensitivity/dermatologic reactions (known in humans as 'Red Man Syndrome' due to histamine release)
注意事項與禁忌
- Infections susceptible to other, lower-tier antibiotics
- Intramuscular (IM), Subcutaneous (SC), or Intraperitoneal (IP) administration
- Rapid IV bolus administration
- Must be administered IV over at least 30-60 minutes as a dilute solution to prevent thrombophlebitis and severe hypotension. Dosages must be reduced or dosing intervals increased in patients with renal dysfunction. Therapeutic drug monitoring (trough levels) is highly recommended. Strictly reserve for multi-drug resistant infections to prevent the emergence of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE) or Staphylococci (VRSA).
藥物相互作用
- Aminoglycosides (e.g., gentamicin, amikacin): Synergistic antibacterial effect, but significantly increases the risk of ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Enhanced monitoring is required.
- Anesthetic agents: May cause erythema and histamine-like flushing (reported in human pediatric patients).
- Nephrotoxic drugs (e.g., amphotericin B, cisplatin): Increased risk of severe nephrotoxicity; use together with extreme caution.
常見問題
Vancomycin用於寵物有甚麼用途？
Vancomycin is a highly specialized antibiotic reserved for very serious infections. * **Hospital Care (IV):** If your pet is receiving this medication by injection, it will be done in the hospital because it must be given slowly into a vein to prevent severe reactions. * **Home Care (Oral):** If you are sent home with oral vancomycin, it is specifically to treat a severe intestinal infection (like *C. difficile*). * **Administration:** Give the oral medication exactly as prescribed by your veterinarian. Do not skip doses or stop early, even if your pet seems better, to prevent the bacteria from becoming resistant. * **Food:** You may give the oral capsules/liquid with a small amount of food if it upsets your pet's stomach. * **Side Effects:** Watch for and report any signs of nausea, loss of appetite, vomiting, or changes in urination.
Vancomycin對我的寵物安全嗎？
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
本文僅供一般健康教育，不能取代專業獸醫意見。如寵物身體不適，請諮詢獸醫。