異丙嗪
別名: Phenergan, Phenadoz, Promethegan
藥物類別: Phenothiazine Antihistamine / Antiemetic
異丙嗪用於幫助控制噁心和嘔吐，或偶爾用於治療過敏反應。 * **口乾**：此藥物可能會導致口乾。您可以透過在寵物的舌頭上滴少量水並持續 10-15 分鐘來緩解此症狀。 * **鎮靜作用**：可能會引起嗜睡、鎮靜或輕微的行為改變。如果這些影響很嚴重或令您擔憂，請聯繫您的獸醫師。 * **何時聯繫獸醫**：持續的嘔吐或腹瀉可能很嚴重；如果寵物的臨床症狀沒有改善，請聯繫您的獸醫師。 * **危險信號**：如果您的動物表現出異常的抽搐動作、顫抖或變得僵硬，請立即聯繫您的獸醫師。
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
Veterinary professional? See the full dosing-by-species reference on VetSheet →
用途
- As an antiemetic
- As an antihistamine
- As an antihistamine
- As an antiemetic
- As an antihistamine
- As an antihistamine
給藥方式
POIMIVRectal
可能的副作用
- Sedation or lethargy
- Anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, urinary retention, decreased GI motility)
- Hypotension (especially with rapid IV administration or in hypovolemic patients)
- Extrapyramidal signs (tremors, rigidity, torticollis) - rare but possible
- Sedation / Lethargy
- Dry mucous membranes (anticholinergic effect)
- Tachycardia
- Hypotension
- Paradoxical excitation (especially in cats)
- Gastrointestinal disturbances
注意事項與禁忌
- Hypovolemia or shock (due to hypotensive effects)
- Tetanus or strychnine intoxication (due to extrapyramidal effects)
- Human label black box warning: Contraindicated in children < 2 years old (fatal respiratory depression)
- Known hypersensitivity to phenothiazines
- Severe central nervous system depression
- Comatose patients
- Use with caution in patients with seizure disorders
- Use with caution in patients with severe hepatic or cardiovascular disease
- Use cautiously and at smaller doses in animals with **hepatic dysfunction**, **cardiac disease**, or general debilitation. Animals may require lower dosages of general anesthetics following phenothiazine administration. Use with extreme caution in very young or severely debilitated animals. Promethazine can cause false-positive results for salicylates in urine and false-positive/negative results for chorionic gonadotropin in urine.
藥物相互作用
- Antacids: May cause reduced GI absorption of oral phenothiazines.
- Antidiarrheal mixtures (e.g., Kaolin/pectin, bismuth subsalicylate): May cause reduced GI absorption of oral phenothiazines.
- Atropine & other anticholinergics: May have additive anticholinergic effects when used with promethazine.
- CNS Depressant Agents (barbiturates, narcotics, anesthetics): May cause additive CNS depression if used with phenothiazines.
- Epinephrine: Phenothiazines block alpha-adrenergic receptors; concomitant epinephrine can lead to unopposed beta-activity causing vasodilation and increased cardiac rate (epinephrine reversal).
- Metoclopramide: Phenothiazines may potentiate the extrapyramidal effects of metoclopramide.
- Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs): May potentiate extrapyramidal effects.
- Opiates: May enhance the hypotensive effects of phenothiazines; dosages may need to be reduced.
- Organophosphate Agents: Phenothiazines should not be given within one month of worming with these agents as their toxic effects may be potentiated.
- CNS Depressants (e.g., opioids, barbiturates, anesthetics): Additive central nervous system depression and sedation.
- Anticholinergic agents (e.g., atropine, glycopyrrolate): Additive anticholinergic effects (tachycardia, dry mouth, ileus).
常見問題
異丙嗪用於寵物有甚麼用途？
異丙嗪用於幫助控制噁心和嘔吐，或偶爾用於治療過敏反應。 • 口乾：此藥物可能會導致口乾。您可以透過在寵物的舌頭上滴少量水並持續 10-15 分鐘來緩解此症狀。 • 鎮靜作用：可能會引起嗜睡、鎮靜或輕微的行為改變。如果這些影響很嚴重或令您擔憂，請聯繫您的獸醫師。 • 何時聯繫獸醫：持續的嘔吐或腹瀉可能很嚴重；如果寵物的臨床症狀沒有改善，請聯繫您的獸醫師。 • 危險信號：如果您的動物表現出異常的抽搐動作、顫抖或變得僵硬，請立即聯繫您的獸醫師。
異丙嗪對我的寵物安全嗎？
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
本文僅供一般健康教育，不能取代專業獸醫意見。如寵物身體不適，請諮詢獸醫。