撲米酮
別名: Mysoline, Neurosyn
> **成功的關鍵：** 嚴格遵守用藥指示是成功治療癲癇的關鍵。請務必每天在完全相同的時間給藥。 * **行為改變：** 在剛開始服藥時，您的寵物可能會顯得焦慮、躁動或異常嗜睡。這些反應通常是暫時的，會隨著身體適應而改善。 * **食慾與飲水量增加：** 您可能會發現寵物喝水、排尿和進食的量比平常多。請監測牠們的體重，並與獸醫師討論飲食管理。 * **何時應聯繫獸醫師：** 如果您的寵物出現嚴重嗜睡、食慾不振、嘔吐、眼睛或牙齦發黃（黃疸）、牙齦蒼白，或者癲癇發作未能有效控制，請立即聯繫獸醫師。 * **切勿突然停藥：** 在未經獸醫師指導的情況下，絕對不可突然停止給藥，否則可能引發嚴重且危及生命的癲癇發作。
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
Veterinary professional? See the full dosing-by-species reference on VetSheet →
用途
- Seizure control
- Seizure control
- Seizure control
給藥方式
可能的副作用
- Anxiety and agitation (especially during initiation)
- Elevated liver enzymes (ALT, ALP, GLDH)
- Decreased serum albumin
- Hepatic lipidosis
- Hepatocellular hypertrophy and necrosis
- Extramedullary hematopoiesis
- Depression and sedation
- Ataxia
- Polydipsia (PD)
- Polyuria (PU)
- Polyphagia
- Anorexia
- Tachycardia
- Dermatitis
- Episodic hyperventilation
- Urolith formation (primidone uroliths reported)
- Megaloblastic anemia (rare)
注意事項與禁忌
- Severe liver disease
- Demonstrated previous hypersensitivity to primidone or barbiturates
- Nephritis (large doses contraindicated)
- Severe respiratory dysfunction (large doses contraindicated)
- Cats (considered contraindicated by many clinicians due to high toxicity risk)
- **Species Warnings:** Use with extreme caution, if at all, in cats. Primidone is considered highly toxic to felines. **Patient Conditions:** Use cautiously in patients who are hypovolemic, anemic, have borderline hypoadrenal function, or have cardiac or respiratory disease. **Drug Transition:** When converting dogs from primidone to phenobarbital, it is suggested to do this slowly (tapering 1/4 of the dose each month) to prevent withdrawal seizures. **Laboratory Interference:** Barbiturates may cause falsely elevated bromosulfophthalein (BSP) retention. Primidone/phenobarbital can alter thyroid testing (decreased total and free T4, normal T3, normal/increased TSH); wait at least 4 weeks after discontinuation to perform thyroid testing. May cause a false-positive low-dose dexamethasone suppression test.
藥物相互作用
- Acetaminophen: Increased risk for hepatotoxicity, particularly with large or chronic doses of barbiturates.
- Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (e.g., acetazolamide): Oral administration may decrease the GI absorption of primidone.
- Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (e.g., amitraz, selegiline): May prolong phenobarbital effects.
- Phenytoin: Barbiturates may affect phenytoin metabolism, and phenytoin may alter barbiturate levels; therapeutic monitoring indicated.
- Rifampin: May induce enzymes that increase the metabolism of barbiturates.
- Antihistamines: May increase the CNS depressant effects of phenobarbital.
- Chloramphenicol: May increase the effects of phenobarbital; phenobarbital may also decrease chloramphenicol levels.
- Opiates: May increase the CNS depressant effects of phenobarbital.
- Phenothiazines: May increase the effects of phenobarbital; phenobarbital may decrease phenothiazine serum concentrations.
- Valproic Acid: May increase the effects of phenobarbital.
- Warfarin: Phenobarbital may decrease anticoagulant effects by lowering serum concentrations.
- Beta-blockers: Phenobarbital may decrease effects by lowering serum concentrations.
- Corticosteroids: Phenobarbital may decrease effects by lowering serum concentrations.
- Cyclosporine: Phenobarbital may decrease effects by lowering serum concentrations.
- Doxycycline: Phenobarbital may decrease effects by lowering serum concentrations (effect may persist for weeks after barbiturate is discontinued).
- Theophylline: Phenobarbital may decrease effects by lowering serum concentrations.
常見問題
撲米酮用於寵物有甚麼用途？
> 成功的關鍵： 嚴格遵守用藥指示是成功治療癲癇的關鍵。請務必每天在完全相同的時間給藥。 • 行為改變： 在剛開始服藥時，您的寵物可能會顯得焦慮、躁動或異常嗜睡。這些反應通常是暫時的，會隨著身體適應而改善。 • 食慾與飲水量增加： 您可能會發現寵物喝水、排尿和進食的量比平常多。請監測牠們的體重，並與獸醫師討論飲食管理。 • 何時應聯繫獸醫師： 如果您的寵物出現嚴重嗜睡、食慾不振、嘔吐、眼睛或牙齦發黃（黃疸）、牙齦蒼白，或者癲癇發作未能有效控制，請立即聯繫獸醫師。 • 切勿突然停藥： 在未經獸醫師指導的情況下，絕對不可突然停止給藥，否則可能引發嚴重且危及生命的癲癇發作。
撲米酮對我的寵物安全嗎？
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
本文僅供一般健康教育，不能取代專業獸醫意見。如寵物身體不適，請諮詢獸醫。