Primidone
別名: Mysoline, Neurosyn
> **Crucial for Success:** Strict compliance with therapy is essential for successful epilepsy treatment. Give the medication at the exact same times each day. * **Behavioral Changes:** Your dog may seem anxious, agitated, or unusually sleepy when starting this medication. These effects are often temporary and may resolve as their body adjusts. * **Increased Thirst/Appetite:** You may notice your pet drinking, urinating, and eating more than usual. Monitor their weight and discuss diet management with your veterinarian. * **When to Call the Vet:** Contact your veterinarian immediately if your pet develops severe lethargy, loss of appetite, vomiting, yellowing of the eyes/gums (jaundice), pale gums, or if seizures are not well controlled. * **Do Not Stop Abruptly:** Never stop giving this medication suddenly without veterinary guidance, as this can trigger severe, life-threatening seizures.
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
用途
- Seizure control
- Seizure control
- Seizure control
給藥方式
可能的副作用
- Anxiety and agitation (especially during initiation)
- Elevated liver enzymes (ALT, ALP, GLDH)
- Decreased serum albumin
- Hepatic lipidosis
- Hepatocellular hypertrophy and necrosis
- Extramedullary hematopoiesis
- Depression and sedation
- Ataxia
- Polydipsia (PD)
- Polyuria (PU)
- Polyphagia
- Anorexia
- Tachycardia
- Dermatitis
注意事項與禁忌
- Severe liver disease
- Demonstrated previous hypersensitivity to primidone or barbiturates
- Nephritis (large doses contraindicated)
- Severe respiratory dysfunction (large doses contraindicated)
- Cats (considered contraindicated by many clinicians due to high toxicity risk)
- **Species Warnings:** Use with extreme caution, if at all, in cats. Primidone is considered highly toxic to felines. **Patient Conditions:** Use cautiously in patients who are hypovolemic, anemic, have borderline hypoadrenal function, or have cardiac or respiratory disease. **Drug Transition:** When converting dogs from primidone to phenobarbital, it is suggested to do this slowly (tapering 1/4 of the dose each month) to prevent withdrawal seizures. **Laboratory Interference:** Barbiturates may cause falsely elevated bromosulfophthalein (BSP) retention. Primidone/phenobarbital can alter thyroid testing (decreased total and free T4, normal T3, normal/increased TSH); wait at least 4 weeks after discontinuation to perform thyroid testing. May cause a false-positive low-dose dexamethasone suppression test.
藥物相互作用
- Acetaminophen: Increased risk for hepatotoxicity, particularly with large or chronic doses of barbiturates.
- Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (e.g., acetazolamide): Oral administration may decrease the GI absorption of primidone.
- Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (e.g., amitraz, selegiline): May prolong phenobarbital effects.
- Phenytoin: Barbiturates may affect phenytoin metabolism, and phenytoin may alter barbiturate levels; therapeutic monitoring indicated.
- Rifampin: May induce enzymes that increase the metabolism of barbiturates.
- Antihistamines: May increase the CNS depressant effects of phenobarbital.
- Chloramphenicol: May increase the effects of phenobarbital; phenobarbital may also decrease chloramphenicol levels.
- Opiates: May increase the CNS depressant effects of phenobarbital.
- Phenothiazines: May increase the effects of phenobarbital; phenobarbital may decrease phenothiazine serum concentrations.
- Valproic Acid: May increase the effects of phenobarbital.
常見問題
Primidone用於寵物有甚麼用途？
> **Crucial for Success:** Strict compliance with therapy is essential for successful epilepsy treatment. Give the medication at the exact same times each day. * **Behavioral Changes:** Your dog may seem anxious, agitated, or unusually sleepy when starting this medication. These effects are often temporary and may resolve as their body adjusts. * **Increased Thirst/Appetite:** You may notice your pet drinking, urinating, and eating more than usual. Monitor their weight and discuss diet management with your veterinarian. * **When to Call the Vet:** Contact your veterinarian immediately if your pet develops severe lethargy, loss of appetite, vomiting, yellowing of the eyes/gums (jaundice), pale gums, or if seizures are not well controlled. * **Do Not Stop Abruptly:** Never stop giving this medication suddenly without veterinary guidance, as this can trigger severe, life-threatening seizures.
Primidone對我的寵物安全嗎？
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
本文僅供一般健康教育，不能取代專業獸醫意見。如寵物身體不適，請諮詢獸醫。