Potassium Bromide / Sodium Bromide
別名: KBr, NaBr
**Important Guidance for Pet Owners:** * **Consistency is Key:** Anti-seizure medications must be given on a strict, regular schedule. Missed doses are a major cause of treatment failure. If you miss a dose, give it when you remember, but space it out from the next dose to avoid stomach upset. * **Dietary Strictness:** Bromide levels are directly affected by the amount of salt (chloride) in your dog's diet. **Do not change your dog's diet** without consulting your veterinarian. Avoid giving salty treats like pig ears, cheese, or hot dogs, as this can cause the drug to be flushed from the body, leading to seizures. * **Patience is Required:** Because this drug stays in the body for a very long time, it can take several months to see its full effect unless your veterinarian prescribes a high "loading dose" initially. * **Side Effects to Expect:** Increased thirst, urination, and appetite are common. Your dog may also seem very sleepy or wobbly (ataxic) for the first few weeks. If the wobbliness is severe or your dog seems stuporous, contact your vet immediately. * **Administration:** Liquid doses should be measured carefully with a syringe. It can be mixed with food to help prevent stomach upset and vomiting.
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
用途
- Refractory seizures (3rd choice therapy)
- Epilepsy (2nd line therapy)
- Seizures (Maintenance)
- Seizures (Rapid Loading Dose)
- Seizures (Alternative Loading Dose)
- Seizures (Alternative Loading Dose 2)
- Status epilepticus / NPO
- Seizures (IV Loading - Sodium Bromide)
給藥方式
可能的副作用
- Profound sedation (especially transiently during loading or when combined with phenobarbital)
- Polyphagia (increased appetite) and subsequent weight gain
- Polydipsia and polyuria (increased thirst and urination)
- Ataxia and hind limb paresis (signs of toxicity)
- Gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, anorexia, constipation)
- Pancreatitis (reported in combination with phenobarbital/primidone)
- Pruritic dermatitis (rare)
- Paradoxical hyperactivity (rare)
- Cats: Severe lower respiratory effects (cough, dyspnea, peribronchial infiltrates)
注意事項與禁忌
- Cats (relative to absolute contraindication due to severe pulmonary effects)
- Patients with severe renal dysfunction (requires extreme caution and dose adjustment)
- Pregnant or lactating animals (crosses placenta and enters milk, causing fetal growth retardation/intoxication)
- > **Dietary Warning:** Chloride intake must remain strictly consistent. Sudden increases in dietary salt (e.g., salty treats, switching to a high-chloride prescription diet) will cause rapid excretion of bromide and potential seizure breakthrough. * **Renal Impairment:** Use with caution in older animals or those with renal disease, as decreased GFR will lead to bromide accumulation and toxicity. * **Feline Patients:** Use with extreme caution, if at all, in cats due to the risk of fatal peribronchial infiltrates and dyspnea. * **GI Irritation:** Potassium bromide is a gastric irritant. Giving the medication with food or dividing the dose can help mitigate vomiting. If vomiting persists, switching to sodium bromide may be beneficial.
藥物相互作用
- CNS Sedating Drugs: Additive sedation and CNS depression.
- Diuretics (furosemide, thiazides): May enhance the renal excretion of bromides, lowering serum levels and potentially causing seizure breakthrough.
- High Chloride/Salt Diets: Increases renal excretion of bromide, reducing serum bromide levels and affecting seizure control.
- Low Chloride/Salt Diets: Decreases renal excretion of bromide, increasing serum bromide levels and risking bromide toxicity.
- Drugs that lower seizure threshold (e.g., xylazine): May potentially reduce the efficacy of antiseizure medications.
常見問題
Potassium Bromide / Sodium Bromide用於寵物有甚麼用途？
**Important Guidance for Pet Owners:** * **Consistency is Key:** Anti-seizure medications must be given on a strict, regular schedule. Missed doses are a major cause of treatment failure. If you miss a dose, give it when you remember, but space it out from the next dose to avoid stomach upset. * **Dietary Strictness:** Bromide levels are directly affected by the amount of salt (chloride) in your dog's diet. **Do not change your dog's diet** without consulting your veterinarian. Avoid giving salty treats like pig ears, cheese, or hot dogs, as this can cause the drug to be flushed from the body, leading to seizures. * **Patience is Required:** Because this drug stays in the body for a very long time, it can take several months to see its full effect unless your veterinarian prescribes a high "loading dose" initially. * **Side Effects to Expect:** Increased thirst, urination, and appetite are common. Your dog may also seem very sleepy or wobbly (ataxic) for the first few weeks. If the wobbliness is severe or your dog seems stuporous, contact your vet immediately. * **Administration:** Liquid doses should be measured carefully with a syringe. It can be mixed with food to help prevent stomach upset and vomiting.
Potassium Bromide / Sodium Bromide對我的寵物安全嗎？
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
本文僅供一般健康教育，不能取代專業獸醫意見。如寵物身體不適，請諮詢獸醫。