Phenobarbital
別名: Luminal Sodium, Solfoton, Epiphen, Epityl, Phenoleptil
**Important Guidance for Pet Owners:** * **Consistency is Key**: For successful epilepsy treatment, you must give this medication at the **same time every day**. Missing even a single dose can trigger a seizure. * **Initial Side Effects**: When starting the medication, your pet may act like a "drunken sailor" (wobbly, sleepy, or unusually hungry/thirsty). This is normal and usually improves significantly after the first 1 to 2 weeks as their body adjusts. * **Do Not Stop Abruptly**: Never stop giving this medication suddenly without consulting your veterinarian, as this can cause severe, life-threatening seizures. * **Monitoring**: Your veterinarian will need to draw blood periodically to check the drug levels in the blood and monitor liver function. This is crucial for your pet's safety and to ensure the dose is correct. * **Safety**: Keep this medication strictly out of reach of children and other pets. Store it in child-resistant packaging. * **When to Call the Vet**: Contact your veterinarian immediately if your pet's seizures are not controlled, if they become extremely lethargic, or if you notice signs like yellowing of the eyes/gums (jaundice) or severe weakness.
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
用途
- Idiopathic epilepsy (initial dose)
- Idiopathic epilepsy (maintenance)
- Idiopathic epilepsy (rapid loading)
- Status epilepticus
- Emergency seizure control
- Sedation (situational distress/travel)
- Seizures
- Seizures (rapid loading)
- Enzyme induction in organochlorine toxicity
- Seizures (Adults)
- Seizures (Adults)
- Seizures (Foals)
- Seizures (Foals)
- Idiopathic epilepsy (initial dose)
給藥方式
可能的副作用
- Dogs: Transient anxiety, agitation, or lethargy upon initiation
- Dogs: Polydipsia (PD), polyuria (PU), and polyphagia (PP)
- Dogs: Sedation and ataxia (especially at higher serum levels)
- Dogs: Elevated liver enzymes (ALT, ALP) - common and not always indicative of failure
- Dogs: Hepatotoxicity (uncommon, usually at levels >30-40 mcg/mL)
- Dogs: Rare blood dyscrasias (anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia)
- Dogs: Rare superficial necrolytic dermatitis (SND)
- Cats: Ataxia, persistent sedation, lethargy
- Cats: Polyphagia, weight gain, PU/PD
- Cats: Rare immune-mediated reactions and bone marrow hypoplasia
- Cats: Coagulopathies (at very high doses)
- Sedation
注意事項與禁忌
- Known hypersensitivity to barbiturates
- Severe liver disease
- Nephritis (large doses)
- Severe respiratory depression
- Hepatic dysfunction
- Severe renal impairment
- Hypersensitivity to barbiturates
- > **Intravenous Administration**: Must be given SLOWLY (not more than 60 mg/minute). Too rapid IV administration may cause profound respiratory depression. > **Tissue Irritation**: Do NOT administer subcutaneously (SC) or perivascularly. The injectable solution is highly alkaline and very irritating, potentially causing significant tissue necrosis. * **Patient Conditions**: Use with extreme caution in patients that are hypovolemic, anemic, have borderline hypoadrenal function, or have pre-existing cardiac or respiratory disease. * **Feline Sensitivity**: Cats are particularly sensitive to the respiratory depressant effects of barbiturates. * **Hepatic Function**: Chronic administration induces hepatic microsomal enzymes. Monitor liver function closely, especially in dogs, as hepatotoxicity can occur at high serum concentrations. * **Endocrine Testing**: Can alter thyroid testing (decreased T4, normal T3, normal/increased TSH) and may cause a false positive low-dose dexamethasone suppression test.
藥物相互作用
- Acetaminophen: Increased risk for hepatotoxicity, particularly with large or chronic doses of barbiturates.
- Carprofen: Increased risk for hepatotoxicity secondary to carprofen metabolites.
- MAO Inhibitors (e.g., Selegiline): May prolong phenobarbital effects.
- Phenytoin: Barbiturates may affect phenytoin metabolism, and phenytoin may alter barbiturate levels.
- Rifampin: May induce enzymes that increase the metabolism of barbiturates.
- Levetiracetam: Phenobarbital reduces levetiracetam elimination half-life by about 50% in dogs.
- Warfarin: Phenobarbital may decrease anticoagulant effects by lowering serum concentrations.
- Corticosteroids: Phenobarbital increases the metabolism and clearance of corticosteroids, potentially reducing their efficacy.
- Doxycycline: Phenobarbital decreases doxycycline serum concentrations; effect may persist for weeks after discontinuation.
- Theophylline: Phenobarbital increases theophylline metabolism, lowering its serum concentrations.
常見問題
Phenobarbital用於寵物有甚麼用途？
**Important Guidance for Pet Owners:** * **Consistency is Key**: For successful epilepsy treatment, you must give this medication at the **same time every day**. Missing even a single dose can trigger a seizure. * **Initial Side Effects**: When starting the medication, your pet may act like a "drunken sailor" (wobbly, sleepy, or unusually hungry/thirsty). This is normal and usually improves significantly after the first 1 to 2 weeks as their body adjusts. * **Do Not Stop Abruptly**: Never stop giving this medication suddenly without consulting your veterinarian, as this can cause severe, life-threatening seizures. * **Monitoring**: Your veterinarian will need to draw blood periodically to check the drug levels in the blood and monitor liver function. This is crucial for your pet's safety and to ensure the dose is correct. * **Safety**: Keep this medication strictly out of reach of children and other pets. Store it in child-resistant packaging. * **When to Call the Vet**: Contact your veterinarian immediately if your pet's seizures are not controlled, if they become extremely lethargic, or if you notice signs like yellowing of the eyes/gums (jaundice) or severe weakness.
Phenobarbital對我的寵物安全嗎？
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
本文僅供一般健康教育，不能取代專業獸醫意見。如寵物身體不適，請諮詢獸醫。