奧司他韋

用途

• Treatment of equine Influenza A
• Adjunctive treatment of canine parvovirus enteritis
• Adjunctive treatment of canine parvovirus enteritis

給藥方式

可能的副作用

• Gastrointestinal upset (nausea, vomiting - usually transient)
• Insomnia (reported in humans)
• Vertigo (reported in humans)

注意事項與禁忌

• Known hypersensitivity to oseltamivir
• Poultry (chickens, turkeys, ducks) - FDA banned for extra-label use
• > **Public Health & Ethical Considerations:** Routine use in dogs and cats is discouraged to prevent viral resistance and preserve human stockpiles for pandemic influenza. - **Timing:** For true influenza infections, treatment must begin as early as possible (ideally within 40-48 hours of clinical signs onset) to be effective. - **Renal Impairment:** Dosages may need adjustment in patients with severe renal insufficiency, as the active metabolite is primarily renally excreted. - **Neonatal Toxicity:** High doses in neonatal rats showed significant accumulation in the brain compared to adults. Use with extreme caution in newborn puppies or kittens due to potential **neurotoxicity**. - **Pregnancy:** FDA Category C. Minor skeletal abnormalities noted in high-dose rabbit studies. Use only if benefits outweigh risks.

藥物相互作用

• Probenecid: May increase 2-fold the exposure to oseltamivir carboxylate (active metabolite) by reducing renal tubular secretion.
• Vaccines, influenza (live): May potentially reduce the immune response to live influenza virus vaccines. No effect on inactivated (killed) vaccines.

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