Morphine
別名: Astramorph PF, Avinza, DepoDur, Infumorph, Kadian, MSIR, MS Contin, Oramorph SR, RMS, Roxanol, Morphine
Morphine is a potent, highly regulated pain-relieving medication typically administered in a hospital setting under direct veterinary supervision. * **What to Expect:** Your pet may appear sedated, sleepy, or unusually quiet. Dogs often pant heavily and may vomit or defecate shortly after receiving the drug. * **Cats and Horses:** May sometimes appear restless, pace, or have wide-open eyes instead of appearing sleepy. This is a known species difference. * **At-Home Care:** If your pet is sent home with oral morphine, keep it strictly out of reach of children and other animals. It is a highly controlled substance (Schedule II). Do not adjust the dose without consulting your veterinarian.
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
用途
- As an analgesic
- As an analgesic
- For post-op pain
- For analgesia
- For analgesia
- For analgesia
- Epidural administration for pain control
- As a preanesthetic in critical patients
- For adjunctive treatment of cardiogenic pulmonary edema
- For analgesia
- For epidural (Adult horses)
- For epidural (Foals)
- For analgesia
- Epidural analgesia
給藥方式
可能的副作用
- Histamine release (hypotension, vasodilation)
- Respiratory depression
- Bronchoconstriction
- CNS depression (dogs, primates) or excitation (cats, horses, ruminants)
- Physical dependence (with chronic use)
- Hyperthermia (cattle, goats, horses, cats)
- Hypothermia (dogs, rabbits)
- Nausea and vomiting
- Decreased intestinal peristalsis and constipation
- Initial defecation (dogs)
- Panting (dogs)
- Bradycardia or tachycardia
- Histamine release (if given rapidly IV)
注意事項與禁忌
- Hypersensitivity to narcotic analgesics
- Patients receiving monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
- Diarrhea caused by a toxic ingestion (until toxin is eliminated)
- Scorpion envenomation (Centruroides spp. - potentiates venom)
- Conditions where vomiting is contraindicated (e.g., raised intraocular pressure)
- **Extreme Caution:** Patients with head injuries, increased intracranial pressure, acute abdominal conditions (e.g., colic - may mask clinical signs), and respiratory disease or acute respiratory dysfunction. **Caution:** Hypothyroidism, severe renal insufficiency (acute uremia), adrenocortical insufficiency (Addison's), and geriatric or severely debilitated patients. > **Important Notes:** > * **IV Administration:** Must be given slowly to avoid significant hypotension and histamine release. > * **Envenomation:** Avoid in envenomation situations, as clinical signs associated with histamine-release can be confused with anaphylaxis. > * **Uremia:** Because of its effects on vasopressin (ADH), urine flow can decrease by up to 90% in dogs given large doses.
藥物相互作用
- CNS Depressants (anesthetics, antihistamines, phenothiazines, barbiturates): May cause increased CNS or respiratory depression when used with morphine.
- Diuretics: Opiates may decrease diuretic efficacy in congestive heart failure patients.
- Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs, e.g., amitraz, selegiline): Use with extreme caution; contraindicated in humans due to risk of severe opiate overdose signs.
- Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Morphine may enhance neuromuscular blockade.
- Tricyclic Antidepressants (clomipramine, amitriptyline): Morphine may exacerbate the effects of tricyclic antidepressants.
- Warfarin: Opiates may potentiate anticoagulant activity.
- CNS depressants (anaesthetics, antihistamines, barbiturates, phenothiazines, tranquillizers): Increased CNS or respiratory depression
常見問題
Morphine用於寵物有甚麼用途？
Morphine is a potent, highly regulated pain-relieving medication typically administered in a hospital setting under direct veterinary supervision. * **What to Expect:** Your pet may appear sedated, sleepy, or unusually quiet. Dogs often pant heavily and may vomit or defecate shortly after receiving the drug. * **Cats and Horses:** May sometimes appear restless, pace, or have wide-open eyes instead of appearing sleepy. This is a known species difference. * **At-Home Care:** If your pet is sent home with oral morphine, keep it strictly out of reach of children and other animals. It is a highly controlled substance (Schedule II). Do not adjust the dose without consulting your veterinarian.
Morphine對我的寵物安全嗎？
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
本文僅供一般健康教育，不能取代專業獸醫意見。如寵物身體不適，請諮詢獸醫。