美托洛爾
別名: Lopressor, Toprol XL
藥物類別: Beta-Adrenergic Blocker
### 寵物主人重要須知 * **按時服藥是關鍵**：為了達到療效，您的寵物必須完全按照獸醫的指示服用所有劑量。 * **切勿突然停藥**：在未諮詢獸醫的情況下，絕對不要突然停止給藥，因為這可能會導致心跳危險地加快或使心臟病情惡化。 * **需要注意的症狀**：如果您的寵物變得異常嗜睡、運動耐力下降、出現呼吸急促或咳嗽，或者行為和態度發生突然改變，請立即聯繫您的獸醫。 * **糖尿病寵物**：如果您的寵物患有糖尿病，請密切監測其血糖，因為這種藥物可能會掩蓋低血糖的正常症狀。
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
Veterinary professional? See the full dosing-by-species reference on VetSheet →
用途
- As an oral beta blocker
- For rate control in chronic atrial fibrillation
- For CHF (early/mild or well-controlled)
- To decrease the incidence of atrial fibrillation and flutter in dogs undergoing valve surgery
給藥方式
POIV
可能的副作用
- Bradycardia
- Lethargy and depression
- Impaired AV conduction
- Congestive heart failure (CHF) or worsening of heart failure
- Hypotension
- Hypoglycemia
- Bronchoconstriction (at high doses)
- Syncope
- Diarrhea
注意事項與禁忌
- Overt or unstable heart failure
- Hypersensitivity to beta-blockers
- Greater than first-degree heart block
- Sinus bradycardia
- > **Withdrawal Warning**: Do not abruptly discontinue metoprolol therapy in chronic users. Abrupt cessation can lead to rebound tachycardia and exacerbation of clinical signs; taper the dose gradually. * **Respiratory Disease**: Use with caution in patients with bronchospastic lung disease, even though it is relatively beta1-selective. * **Hepatic Impairment**: Use cautiously in patients with significant hepatic insufficiency due to extensive hepatic metabolism. * **Endocrine**: Can mask clinical signs of hypoglycemia and thyrotoxicosis. Use cautiously in labile diabetic patients as it can cause hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. * **Cardiac**: Use cautiously in patients with sinus node dysfunction or compensated CHF.
藥物相互作用
- General Anesthetics: Increased risk for heart failure and hypotension due to additive myocardial depressant effects.
- Calcium-Channel Blockers (e.g., diltiazem, verapamil, amlodipine): Concurrent use should be done with caution; additive negative inotropic and chronotropic effects, particularly in patients with preexisting cardiomyopathy or CHF.
- Digoxin: May increase negative effects on SA or AV node conduction.
- Diuretics (thiazides, furosemide): May increase the hypotensive effect of metoprolol.
- Hydralazine: May increase the risks for pulmonary hypertension in uremic patients.
- Quinidine: May increase metoprolol plasma concentrations.
- Reserpine: Potential for additive effects including hypotension and bradycardia.
- SSRI Antidepressants (e.g., fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine): May increase metoprolol plasma concentrations.
- Sympathomimetics (e.g., metaproterenol, terbutaline, epinephrine, phenylpropanolamine): May have their actions blocked by metoprolol, and they may in turn reduce the efficacy of the beta-blocker.
常見問題
美托洛爾用於寵物有甚麼用途？
### 寵物主人重要須知 • 按時服藥是關鍵：為了達到療效，您的寵物必須完全按照獸醫的指示服用所有劑量。 • 切勿突然停藥：在未諮詢獸醫的情況下，絕對不要突然停止給藥，因為這可能會導致心跳危險地加快或使心臟病情惡化。 • 需要注意的症狀：如果您的寵物變得異常嗜睡、運動耐力下降、出現呼吸急促或咳嗽，或者行為和態度發生突然改變，請立即聯繫您的獸醫。 • 糖尿病寵物：如果您的寵物患有糖尿病，請密切監測其血糖，因為這種藥物可能會掩蓋低血糖的正常症狀。
美托洛爾對我的寵物安全嗎？
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
本文僅供一般健康教育，不能取代專業獸醫意見。如寵物身體不適，請諮詢獸醫。