Metoprolol
別名: Lopressor, Toprol XL
### Important Information for Pet Owners * **Consistency is Key**: To be effective, your pet must receive all doses exactly as prescribed by your veterinarian. * **Do Not Stop Abruptly**: Never suddenly stop giving this medication without consulting your veterinarian, as it can cause a dangerous spike in heart rate or worsen heart conditions. * **What to Watch For**: Contact your veterinarian immediately if your pet becomes unusually lethargic, tires easily during exercise, develops shortness of breath or a cough, or shows a sudden change in behavior or attitude. * **Diabetic Pets**: If your pet is diabetic, monitor their blood sugar closely, as this medication can hide the normal signs of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia).
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
用途
- As an oral beta blocker
- For rate control in chronic atrial fibrillation
- For CHF (early/mild or well-controlled)
- To decrease the incidence of atrial fibrillation and flutter in dogs undergoing valve surgery
給藥方式
可能的副作用
- Bradycardia
- Lethargy and depression
- Impaired AV conduction
- Congestive heart failure (CHF) or worsening of heart failure
- Hypotension
- Hypoglycemia
- Bronchoconstriction (at high doses)
- Syncope
- Diarrhea
注意事項與禁忌
- Overt or unstable heart failure
- Hypersensitivity to beta-blockers
- Greater than first-degree heart block
- Sinus bradycardia
- > **Withdrawal Warning**: Do not abruptly discontinue metoprolol therapy in chronic users. Abrupt cessation can lead to rebound tachycardia and exacerbation of clinical signs; taper the dose gradually. * **Respiratory Disease**: Use with caution in patients with bronchospastic lung disease, even though it is relatively beta1-selective. * **Hepatic Impairment**: Use cautiously in patients with significant hepatic insufficiency due to extensive hepatic metabolism. * **Endocrine**: Can mask clinical signs of hypoglycemia and thyrotoxicosis. Use cautiously in labile diabetic patients as it can cause hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. * **Cardiac**: Use cautiously in patients with sinus node dysfunction or compensated CHF.
藥物相互作用
- General Anesthetics: Increased risk for heart failure and hypotension due to additive myocardial depressant effects.
- Calcium-Channel Blockers (e.g., diltiazem, verapamil, amlodipine): Concurrent use should be done with caution; additive negative inotropic and chronotropic effects, particularly in patients with preexisting cardiomyopathy or CHF.
- Digoxin: May increase negative effects on SA or AV node conduction.
- Diuretics (thiazides, furosemide): May increase the hypotensive effect of metoprolol.
- Hydralazine: May increase the risks for pulmonary hypertension in uremic patients.
- Quinidine: May increase metoprolol plasma concentrations.
- Reserpine: Potential for additive effects including hypotension and bradycardia.
- SSRI Antidepressants (e.g., fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine): May increase metoprolol plasma concentrations.
- Sympathomimetics (e.g., metaproterenol, terbutaline, epinephrine, phenylpropanolamine): May have their actions blocked by metoprolol, and they may in turn reduce the efficacy of the beta-blocker.
常見問題
Metoprolol用於寵物有甚麼用途？
### Important Information for Pet Owners * **Consistency is Key**: To be effective, your pet must receive all doses exactly as prescribed by your veterinarian. * **Do Not Stop Abruptly**: Never suddenly stop giving this medication without consulting your veterinarian, as it can cause a dangerous spike in heart rate or worsen heart conditions. * **What to Watch For**: Contact your veterinarian immediately if your pet becomes unusually lethargic, tires easily during exercise, develops shortness of breath or a cough, or shows a sudden change in behavior or attitude. * **Diabetic Pets**: If your pet is diabetic, monitor their blood sugar closely, as this medication can hide the normal signs of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia).
Metoprolol對我的寵物安全嗎？
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
本文僅供一般健康教育，不能取代專業獸醫意見。如寵物身體不適，請諮詢獸醫。