Medetomidine
別名: Domitor, Dorbene, Dormilan, Medetor, Sedastart, Sedator, Sededorm
- **Professional Use Only**: This drug is a potent sedative and anesthetic adjunct that should be administered and monitored exclusively by veterinary professionals. - **Expected Appearance**: While sedated, your pet's heart rate will drop significantly, and their gums may appear pale or slightly blue. This is an expected effect of the drug and is closely monitored by the veterinary team. - **Keep Quiet**: Even though your pet appears deeply asleep, sudden loud noises or rough handling can startle them awake. Keep the environment calm and quiet as they recover. - **Reversal**: The veterinarian may give a "reversal agent" (atipamezole) to wake your pet up quickly and smoothly after the procedure. - **At-Risk Pets**: Ensure your veterinarian is aware of any pre-existing heart, liver, or kidney conditions, or if your pet is pregnant, as this drug may not be safe in these situations.
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
用途
- Sedation/analgesia
- For use with an IM opioid
- Sedation/analgesia
- Large, exotic cat (tigers, etc.) immobilization
- Premedication (in combination with an opioid)
- Management of excitation in the recovery period
- Perioperative analgesia and rousable sedation
- Sedative/analgesic
- Injectable anesthesia
- Sedation/analgesia
- Chemical restraint (Rats)
- Chemical restraint (Guinea pig)
- Chemical restraint (Rabbits)
給藥方式
可能的副作用
- Bradycardia (often profound)
- Atrioventricular (AV) blocks
- Decreased respiratory rate and potential apnea
- Hypothermia
- Increased urination (diuresis)
- Vomiting (especially in cats)
- Hyperglycemia
- Pain on intramuscular injection
- Blanched or cyanotic mucous membranes (due to peripheral vasoconstriction)
- Rarely: prolonged sedation, paradoxical excitation, hypersensitivity, death from circulatory failure
- Bradycardia
- Decreased cardiac output
- Initial hypertension followed by normotension/hypotension
注意事項與禁忌
- Cardiac disease
- Respiratory disorders
- Liver or kidney diseases
- Shock or severe debilitation
- Animals stressed due to heat, cold, or fatigue
- Pregnancy (insufficient safety data; use only if benefits clearly outweigh risks)
- Cardiovascular disease
- Systemic disease
- Geriatric patients
- Pregnant animals
- Conditions where vomiting is contraindicated (e.g., gastrointestinal foreign body, raised intraocular pressure)
- Diabetes mellitus
- - **Agitated Patients**: Dogs that are extremely agitated or excited may have a decreased response due to high circulating catecholamines overriding the receptor. Allow dogs to rest quietly before administration. Do not re-dose if they fail to respond. - **Age Extremes**: Use with extreme caution in very young or geriatric animals due to reduced cardiovascular reserve. - **Hematologic**: Medetomidine can inhibit ADP-induced platelet aggregation. - **Reversal**: Treat medetomidine-induced bradycardia or excessive sedation with **atipamezole** rather than anticholinergics.
藥物相互作用
- Atropine / Glycopyrrolate: Controversial. Using anticholinergics to treat medetomidine-induced bradycardia can lead to severe hypertension, increased myocardial work, and arrhythmias. Concomitant use is generally discouraged, especially at higher medetomidine doses (>20 mcg/kg).
- Opiates (Fentanyl, Butorphanol, Meperidine): Synergistic enhancement of sedation and analgesia. Adverse cardiovascular and respiratory effects may also be pronounced. Reduced dosages and careful monitoring are advised.
- Propofol: When used after medetomidine, severe hypoxemia may occur. Significant dosage reductions of propofol are required along with adequate respiratory monitoring.
- Yohimbine: May reverse the effects of medetomidine, but atipamezole is the preferred and more specific reversal agent.
- Other anesthetic agents (e.g., propofol, alfaxalone): Significantly reduces the dose required for induction and maintenance of anesthesia.
- Volatile anesthetics (e.g., isoflurane, sevoflurane): Reduces the dose required to maintain anesthesia by up to 70%.
- Sympathomimetic amines: Contraindicated; may cause severe cardiovascular complications.
- Opioids: Synergistic sedation and analgesia (beneficial interaction).
常見問題
Medetomidine用於寵物有甚麼用途？
- **Professional Use Only**: This drug is a potent sedative and anesthetic adjunct that should be administered and monitored exclusively by veterinary professionals. - **Expected Appearance**: While sedated, your pet's heart rate will drop significantly, and their gums may appear pale or slightly blue. This is an expected effect of the drug and is closely monitored by the veterinary team. - **Keep Quiet**: Even though your pet appears deeply asleep, sudden loud noises or rough handling can startle them awake. Keep the environment calm and quiet as they recover. - **Reversal**: The veterinarian may give a "reversal agent" (atipamezole) to wake your pet up quickly and smoothly after the procedure. - **At-Risk Pets**: Ensure your veterinarian is aware of any pre-existing heart, liver, or kidney conditions, or if your pet is pregnant, as this drug may not be safe in these situations.
Medetomidine對我的寵物安全嗎？
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
本文僅供一般健康教育，不能取代專業獸醫意見。如寵物身體不適，請諮詢獸醫。