Clarithromycin
別名: Biaxin, Biaxin XL, Klacid, Klaricid, Maclar, Prevpak (combination)
Clarithromycin is an antibiotic used to treat specific types of bacterial infections. * **Administration:** You can give this medication with or without food. If your pet vomits after taking it on an empty stomach, try giving future doses with a small treat or meal. * **Liquid Suspension:** If you are using the liquid form, **do not refrigerate it**. Keep it at room temperature. Shake well before each use, and throw away any leftover liquid after 14 days. * **Drug Interactions:** Clarithromycin can interact with many other medications. **Never** give your pet any new medications, supplements, or over-the-counter drugs without checking with your veterinarian first. * **Side Effects:** Watch for vomiting, diarrhea, or loss of appetite. In cats, you might occasionally notice redness of the skin or ears. Contact your vet if these occur.
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
用途
- Treatment of feline leprosy
- Treatment of Nocardia (N. nova) infections
- Treatment of H. pylori infections
- Treatment of M. tuberculosis-bovis variant infections
- Susceptible infections
- Treatment of Helicobacter mustelae infections
- Treatment of Helicobacter mustelae infections
- Treatment of Rhodococcus equi infection in foals
- Treatment of Rhodococcus equi infection in foals
- Treatment of severe or refractory cases of canine leproid granuloma syndrome
- Susceptible infections
- Susceptible infections
給藥方式
可能的副作用
- Gastrointestinal disturbances (nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea)
- Pinnal or generalized erythema (specifically noted in cats)
- Transient, mild BUN elevation
- Prolonged QT interval / torsades de pointes (rare)
- Hepatotoxicity (rare)
- Thrombocytopenia (rare)
- Pseudomembranous colitis secondary to Clostridium difficile (reported in humans)
注意事項與禁忌
- Known hypersensitivity to clarithromycin or other macrolide antibiotics (e.g., erythromycin, azithromycin)
- Concurrent use with cisapride (due to risk of fatal cardiac arrhythmias)
- **Pregnancy & Lactation:** FDA Category C. High doses in animal studies showed some teratogenic effects (cleft palate, fetal growth retardation). Use only if benefits outweigh risks. Excreted into milk, though unlikely to be clinically significant. **Hepatic/Renal Impairment:** Use with caution; dose adjustments may be necessary in severe renal or hepatic dysfunction. **Drug Interactions:** Potent CYP3A inhibitor. Always review concurrent medications before prescribing.
藥物相互作用
- Cisapride: Clarithromycin inhibits cisapride metabolism; concurrent use is contraindicated due to risk of severe cardiac arrhythmias.
- Fluconazole: May increase clarithromycin serum levels.
- Digoxin: Clarithromycin may increase serum levels of digoxin.
- Omeprazole: Concurrent use can increase the plasma levels of both drugs.
- Warfarin: May potentiate the effects of oral anticoagulant drugs.
- Zidovudine: Clarithromycin may decrease serum concentrations of zidovudine.
- CYP3A Substrates (Alfentanil, Bromocriptine, Buspirone, Carbamazepine, Methylprednisolone, Midazolam, Alprazolam, Triazolam, Rifabutin, Tacrolimus, Theophylline): Clarithromycin inhibits CYP3A, potentially increasing plasma concentrations and toxicity of these drugs. Therapeutic monitoring or dose reduction may be required.
- Disopyramide: Increased levels and risk of prolonged QT interval.
- Quinidine: Increased levels and risk of prolonged QT interval.
常見問題
Clarithromycin用於寵物有甚麼用途？
Clarithromycin is an antibiotic used to treat specific types of bacterial infections. * **Administration:** You can give this medication with or without food. If your pet vomits after taking it on an empty stomach, try giving future doses with a small treat or meal. * **Liquid Suspension:** If you are using the liquid form, **do not refrigerate it**. Keep it at room temperature. Shake well before each use, and throw away any leftover liquid after 14 days. * **Drug Interactions:** Clarithromycin can interact with many other medications. **Never** give your pet any new medications, supplements, or over-the-counter drugs without checking with your veterinarian first. * **Side Effects:** Watch for vomiting, diarrhea, or loss of appetite. In cats, you might occasionally notice redness of the skin or ears. Contact your vet if these occur.
Clarithromycin對我的寵物安全嗎？
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
本文僅供一般健康教育，不能取代專業獸醫意見。如寵物身體不適，請諮詢獸醫。