Aminophylline / Theophylline
別名: Theochron, Theo-Cap, Theo-24, Uniphyl, Bronkodyl, Elixophyllin, Theo-Dur, Slo-Bid
This medication is used to help open your pet's airways and make breathing easier. * **Administration:** Give exactly as prescribed by your veterinarian. Do not skip doses. If using extended-release tablets or capsules, **do not crush or allow your pet to chew them** unless specifically instructed by your vet. * **Side Effects:** Mild stomach upset, increased drinking/urination, or slight restlessness can occur when starting the medication but often resolve. * **When to Call the Vet:** Contact your veterinarian immediately if you notice severe vomiting, extreme restlessness, muscle tremors, rapid breathing, or seizures, as these can be signs of an overdose. * **Diet:** Avoid giving your pet chocolate or caffeine, as these contain similar compounds and can increase the risk of toxicity.
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
用途
- Bronchodilation (Extended-Release)
- Bronchodilation
- Tracheal collapse (mild clinical signs, <50% collapse)
- Bronchoconstriction associated with fulminant CHF
- Cough
- Bronchodilation
- Pulmonary edema
- Pulmonary edema
- Heaves (RAO)
- Heaves (RAO)
- Bronchodilation (Extended-Release)
- Tracheal collapse (mild clinical signs, <50% collapse)
- Severe, acute pulmonary edema and bronchoconstriction
- Cough
給藥方式
可能的副作用
- Nausea and vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Insomnia / Restlessness
- Polyphagia (increased appetite)
- Polydipsia and polyuria (increased thirst and urination)
- Tachycardia (rapid heart rate)
- Nervousness, excitability, and tremors (especially in horses)
- Diaphoresis (sweating in horses)
- Ataxia
- Seizures (in severe toxicity)
- Cardiac dysrhythmias (in severe toxicity)
注意事項與禁忌
- Hypersensitivity to any xanthines (including theobromine or caffeine)
- Hypersensitivity to ethylenediamine (specific to aminophylline)
- Use with extreme caution in patients with **severe cardiac disease, seizure disorders, gastric ulcers, hyperthyroidism, renal or hepatic disease, severe hypoxia, or severe hypertension**. * **Arrhythmias:** May cause or worsen preexisting cardiac arrhythmias; enhanced monitoring is required. * **Clearance Issues:** Neonatal, geriatric, and congestive heart failure (CHF) patients may have decreased clearance and prolonged half-lives, making them more susceptible to toxicity. * **Dosing Weight:** Because of low lipid solubility and low volume of distribution, obese patients should be dosed based on **lean body weight**. * **IM Injection:** Aminophylline causes intense local pain when administered IM and is rarely recommended via this route.
藥物相互作用
- Phenobarbital: May decrease theophylline levels via hepatic enzyme induction.
- Fluoroquinolones (e.g., enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin): Can significantly increase theophylline levels. Consider reducing theophylline dose by 30% and monitor for toxicity.
- Macrolides (e.g., erythromycin, clindamycin, lincomycin): Can increase theophylline levels.
- Cimetidine: Can increase theophylline levels by inhibiting hepatic metabolism.
- Ketamine: Concurrent use can cause an increased incidence of seizures.
- Halothane: Concurrent use may cause an increased incidence of cardiac dysrhythmias.
- Sympathomimetics (e.g., ephedrine, isoproterenol): Toxic synergism; can lead to severe cardiac arrhythmias.
- Beta-blockers (non-selective, e.g., propranolol): Can increase theophylline levels and antagonize bronchodilatory effects.
- Corticosteroids: Can increase theophylline levels.
常見問題
Aminophylline / Theophylline用於寵物有甚麼用途？
This medication is used to help open your pet's airways and make breathing easier. * **Administration:** Give exactly as prescribed by your veterinarian. Do not skip doses. If using extended-release tablets or capsules, **do not crush or allow your pet to chew them** unless specifically instructed by your vet. * **Side Effects:** Mild stomach upset, increased drinking/urination, or slight restlessness can occur when starting the medication but often resolve. * **When to Call the Vet:** Contact your veterinarian immediately if you notice severe vomiting, extreme restlessness, muscle tremors, rapid breathing, or seizures, as these can be signs of an overdose. * **Diet:** Avoid giving your pet chocolate or caffeine, as these contain similar compounds and can increase the risk of toxicity.
Aminophylline / Theophylline對我的寵物安全嗎？
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
本文僅供一般健康教育，不能取代專業獸醫意見。如寵物身體不適，請諮詢獸醫。