阿普唑侖
別名: Xanax, Xanax XR, Niravam, Alprazolam Intensol
- **給藥時機非常重要**：對於情境性焦慮（如雷雨或煙火），請在預期事件發生前約 **30 至 60 分鐘**給藥，以確保藥物在寵物陷入恐慌前發揮作用。 - **餵藥方式**：如果您在餵食藥丸時遇到困難，可以考慮使用口腔崩解錠。但在拿取藥片前，請確保雙手完全乾燥。 - **注意事項**：如果您發現寵物出現過度嗜睡、嚴重步態不穩，或眼白、牙齦發黃（黃疸）的情況（特別是貓咪），請立即聯繫您的獸醫師。 - **行為改變**：有些寵物可能會變得異常黏人、易怒，甚至變得更活躍（矛盾反應）。如果發生這種情況，請告知您的獸醫師。 - **訓練影響**：此藥物可能會在訓練期間暫時減緩寵物學習新指令的能力。
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
Veterinary professional? See the full dosing-by-species reference on VetSheet →
用途
- For treatment of canine anxiety disorders
- For separation anxiety
- For storm phobias
- For storm phobias (adjunct)
- For phobias, night waking
- For acute anxiety
- Anxiolysis and fear-related disorders
- For treatment of feline anxiety disorders
- For refractory house soiling
- For urine marking
- For fears/phobias/anxieties
- For acute anxiety
- Anxiolysis and urine spraying
給藥方式
可能的副作用
- Sedation
- Increased appetite (polyphagia)
- Transient ataxia
- Behavior changes in cats (irritability, increased affection, depression, aberrant demeanor)
- Paradoxical CNS excitement/agitation (rare in dogs)
- Physical dependence (with chronic use)
- Impeded learning and retarded training
注意事項與禁忌
- Known benzodiazepine hypersensitivity
- Aggressive animals (controversial; anxiety reduction may disinhibit aggressive tendencies)
- > **Caution**: Use with care in patients with hepatic or renal disease, narrow-angle glaucoma, and in debilitated or geriatric patients. - **Working Animals**: Benzodiazepines may impair the abilities of working or service animals. - **Aggression**: Use in aggressive dogs remains controversial as it may remove anxiety-based bite inhibition. - **Pregnancy**: FDA Category D in humans. May cause congenital abnormalities if administered during the first trimester. Use only when benefits clearly outweigh risks. - **Hepatic Function**: Monitor hepatic enzymes, particularly in cats receiving chronic therapy, due to the risk of idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity associated with some oral benzodiazepines.
藥物相互作用
- Antacids: May slow the rate, but not the extent of oral absorption of alprazolam; administer 2 hours apart.
- CNS Depressant Agents (barbiturates, narcotics, anesthetics): Additive CNS depression effects may occur.
- Digoxin: Serum levels of digoxin may be increased; monitor for toxicity.
- Fluoxetine, Fluvoxamine: Increased alprazolam levels.
- Hepatically Metabolized Drugs (Cimetidine, erythromycin, isoniazid, ketoconazole, itraconazole): Metabolism of alprazolam may be decreased, leading to excessive sedation.
- Rifampin: May induce hepatic microsomal enzymes and decrease the pharmacologic effects of benzodiazepines.
- Tricyclic Antidepressants (Amitriptyline, Clomipramine, Imipramine): Alprazolam may increase levels of these drugs; concurrent use with clomipramine may improve efficacy for phobias.
- Itraconazole: Inhibits alprazolam metabolism, potentially increasing sedation and toxicity
- Ketoconazole: Inhibits alprazolam metabolism
- Clomipramine: Used concurrently as an adjunct, but may have additive CNS depressant effects
常見問題
阿普唑侖用於寵物有甚麼用途？
- 給藥時機非常重要：對於情境性焦慮（如雷雨或煙火），請在預期事件發生前約 30 至 60 分鐘給藥，以確保藥物在寵物陷入恐慌前發揮作用。 - 餵藥方式：如果您在餵食藥丸時遇到困難，可以考慮使用口腔崩解錠。但在拿取藥片前，請確保雙手完全乾燥。 - 注意事項：如果您發現寵物出現過度嗜睡、嚴重步態不穩，或眼白、牙齦發黃（黃疸）的情況（特別是貓咪），請立即聯繫您的獸醫師。 - 行為改變：有些寵物可能會變得異常黏人、易怒，甚至變得更活躍（矛盾反應）。如果發生這種情況，請告知您的獸醫師。 - 訓練影響：此藥物可能會在訓練期間暫時減緩寵物學習新指令的能力。
阿普唑侖對我的寵物安全嗎？
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
本文僅供一般健康教育，不能取代專業獸醫意見。如寵物身體不適，請諮詢獸醫。