Alprazolam
別名: Xanax, Xanax XR, Niravam, Alprazolam Intensol
- **Timing is crucial**: For situational anxiety (like thunderstorms or fireworks), give the medication approximately **30 to 60 minutes before** the anticipated event to ensure it takes effect before the pet becomes panicked. - **Administration**: If you have difficulty pilling your pet, orally disintegrating tablets may be an option. Ensure your hands are completely dry before handling them. - **What to watch for**: Contact your veterinarian if you notice excessive sleepiness, severe unsteadiness, or any yellowing of the whites of the eyes or gums (jaundice), especially in cats. - **Behavioral changes**: Some pets may become unusually affectionate, irritable, or even more active (paradoxical reaction). Let your vet know if this occurs. - **Training**: This medication may temporarily slow your pet's ability to learn new commands during training sessions.
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
用途
- For treatment of canine anxiety disorders
- For separation anxiety
- For storm phobias
- For storm phobias (adjunct)
- For phobias, night waking
- For acute anxiety
- Anxiolysis and fear-related disorders
- For treatment of feline anxiety disorders
- For refractory house soiling
- For urine marking
- For fears/phobias/anxieties
- For acute anxiety
- Anxiolysis and urine spraying
給藥方式
可能的副作用
- Sedation
- Increased appetite (polyphagia)
- Transient ataxia
- Behavior changes in cats (irritability, increased affection, depression, aberrant demeanor)
- Paradoxical CNS excitement/agitation (rare in dogs)
- Physical dependence (with chronic use)
- Impeded learning and retarded training
注意事項與禁忌
- Known benzodiazepine hypersensitivity
- Aggressive animals (controversial; anxiety reduction may disinhibit aggressive tendencies)
- > **Caution**: Use with care in patients with hepatic or renal disease, narrow-angle glaucoma, and in debilitated or geriatric patients. - **Working Animals**: Benzodiazepines may impair the abilities of working or service animals. - **Aggression**: Use in aggressive dogs remains controversial as it may remove anxiety-based bite inhibition. - **Pregnancy**: FDA Category D in humans. May cause congenital abnormalities if administered during the first trimester. Use only when benefits clearly outweigh risks. - **Hepatic Function**: Monitor hepatic enzymes, particularly in cats receiving chronic therapy, due to the risk of idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity associated with some oral benzodiazepines.
藥物相互作用
- Antacids: May slow the rate, but not the extent of oral absorption of alprazolam; administer 2 hours apart.
- CNS Depressant Agents (barbiturates, narcotics, anesthetics): Additive CNS depression effects may occur.
- Digoxin: Serum levels of digoxin may be increased; monitor for toxicity.
- Fluoxetine, Fluvoxamine: Increased alprazolam levels.
- Hepatically Metabolized Drugs (Cimetidine, erythromycin, isoniazid, ketoconazole, itraconazole): Metabolism of alprazolam may be decreased, leading to excessive sedation.
- Rifampin: May induce hepatic microsomal enzymes and decrease the pharmacologic effects of benzodiazepines.
- Tricyclic Antidepressants (Amitriptyline, Clomipramine, Imipramine): Alprazolam may increase levels of these drugs; concurrent use with clomipramine may improve efficacy for phobias.
- Itraconazole: Inhibits alprazolam metabolism, potentially increasing sedation and toxicity
- Ketoconazole: Inhibits alprazolam metabolism
- Clomipramine: Used concurrently as an adjunct, but may have additive CNS depressant effects
常見問題
Alprazolam用於寵物有甚麼用途？
- **Timing is crucial**: For situational anxiety (like thunderstorms or fireworks), give the medication approximately **30 to 60 minutes before** the anticipated event to ensure it takes effect before the pet becomes panicked. - **Administration**: If you have difficulty pilling your pet, orally disintegrating tablets may be an option. Ensure your hands are completely dry before handling them. - **What to watch for**: Contact your veterinarian if you notice excessive sleepiness, severe unsteadiness, or any yellowing of the whites of the eyes or gums (jaundice), especially in cats. - **Behavioral changes**: Some pets may become unusually affectionate, irritable, or even more active (paradoxical reaction). Let your vet know if this occurs. - **Training**: This medication may temporarily slow your pet's ability to learn new commands during training sessions.
Alprazolam對我的寵物安全嗎？
劑量必須由獸醫按你寵物的個別情況決定。切勿在沒有獸醫指導下給予人類藥物或其他寵物的處方藥。
本文僅供一般健康教育，不能取代專業獸醫意見。如寵物身體不適，請諮詢獸醫。